万年

According to ornithology experts, fossils formed in the Paleocene Epoch depict a bird species that had a curved underside.

据鸟类专家研究，古新世(地质年代，距今6500万年～距今5300万年，译者注)形成的化石描述一种具有弯曲下面（根据后面内容，可能指鸟的足，译者注）的鸟类。

For example, the eccentricity changes over time cycles of about 100,000 and 400,000 years, with the value ranging from less than 0.01 up to 0.05.[15][16] This is equivalent to a change of the semiminor axis of the planet's orbit from 99.95% of the semimajor axis to 99.88%, respectively.

例如，离心率大约在小于0.01至0.05之间变动，变动周期大约是10万年至40万年，这相当于行星运行轨道的短半轴相对于长半轴的比例在99.55%与99.88%之间发生变动。

The first fossil records of vascular plants—that is, land plants with tissue that carries food—appeared in the Silurian period.

考古学家们还记录了原始人类如何在约 180 万年前从非洲扩展到亚洲，然后在约 90 万年前进入欧洲的。

In summary, HT of DNA transposons has contributed significantly to shaping and diversifying the genomes of multiple mammalian and tetrapod species.

这组作者说，这种入侵现象是科学家首次报告哺乳动物中出现转座子的水平转移，而且对受影响的物种的这种入侵很可能发生在大约1500万年到4600万年的类似时间段中。

Q .Judged from fossils so far discovered,teeth fossil of Ailurarctos lufengensis can be dated back to 8 million year ago. Ailuropoda microta ,ancient panda which is half the size of today's giant pandas, lived on the planet more than 2million years ago. Ailuropoda milanoleuea daconi ,which belongs to the same species of today's giant pandas made its first appearance 600-700 thousand years ago.

答：从目前的化石记录看，始熊猫已有800万年的历史，距今200多万年前大熊猫小种（Aliuropoda microta，体型约为现今大熊猫一半的古代动物）已经在地球上生活。60~70万年前，与现今大熊猫同种的大熊猫巴氏亚种（ Ailuropoda milanoleueadaconi ，又称巴氏大熊猫）出现。

Above stage approximate timetable is (established provisionally humanity is born in 5,000,000 ago east Africa a mysterious place), moves primitively the time: In front of 5,000,000 - 2,000,000 ago, settles down primitively the time: 2,000,000 ago - 500,000 years ago, compete barbarically the time: 500,000 years - in 1500, rank smell of blood exploration time 1500 - in 1840, knowledge explosion time: 1840 - 1945, technical restriction time: 1945 - 2200, belief confused time: A.D. 2200-2400 year, human unified time: After 2400, this is human history several most important times; In this long process, has had between the innumerable inferior humanity's size conflict, until now the humanity only then used the innumerable own similar blood to find the road which the final humanity went home!

以上阶段大致时间表是（暂定人类诞生于500万年前非洲东部一个神奇的地点），原始迁徙时代：500万前－200万年前，原始定居时代：200万年前－50万年前，野蛮竞争时代：50万年－公元1500年，血腥探索时代公元1500年－公元1840年，知识爆炸时代：公元1840年－1945年，科技制约时代：1945年－2200年，信仰迷茫时代：公元2200－2400年，人类统一时代：2400年以后，这就是人类历史几个最重要的时代；在这漫长的过程中，发生过无数次人类之间的大小冲突，直到现在人类才用无数自己同类的鲜血找到了最后人类回家的路！

Based on various chronometric data obtained by different advanced techniques, Peking Man is known to have occupied the site 580,000-230,000 years ago.

近年来，利用多种新技术测量的数据，得出北京猿人年代为距今58万年到距今20余万年。

The divergence time between C.amherstiae and C.pictus was at least 1.7My based on the substitution rate of nucleotide acid of cytothrome-b gene in Galliformes.

根据鸡形目细胞色素b基因核苷酸替换的速率约为每百万年0.5％～ 0.7％，推断出两种锦鸡的分化时间至少为1.7百万年。

Or Ardipithropus, of Hominidae in 62?

4 0万年的人科动物，以及约 35 0万年？

Recent results indicate that （1） Oryzeae is monophyletic and falls into two main clades corresponding to the traditionally recognized subtribes;（2） Close affinities of the monoecious genera are not supported, suggesting the multiple origins of unisexual florets;（3） Previous recognition of three monotypic genera （Hydrochloa, Porteresia and Prosphytochloa） is not justified;（4） Based on dating using molecular clock approach, it is estimated that Oryza and Leersia branched off from the remaining genera of Oryzeae -20 million years ago, and separated from each other -14 MYA.

目前已有的研究结果表明：稻族是单系类群，可分为两个主要分支，相当于传统的两个亚族（Zizaniinae和Oryzinae），但稻族单性花小穗是多次起源的，不宜作为划分亚族的依据；一些单型属（Hydrochloa、Porteresia和Prosphytochloa）的建立得不到分子证据的支持；根据分子钟原理估计稻族两个主要分支的分歧时间在大约2000万年前，而稻属和近缘属假稻属Leersia的分歧时间为1400万年：稻属内主要类群的分歧时间在900万年前左右。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。