丁酸

If, relative to isoflurane, cyclopropane minimally increases GABA-induced chloride currents at any GABAA receptor subtype, the present data for MAC are consistent with the notion that GABAA receptors do not mediate the immobility produced by inhaled anesthetics.

如果，相对於异氟烷而言，环丙烷在任何γ-氨基丁酸 A 受体的亚体上都是极微弱地增加γ-氨基丁酸介导氯电子流的作用，那麼现在关於 MAC 的资料就和γ-氨基丁酸 A 受体不是吸入性麻醉药产生的抑制作用的介导者这一概念一致。

The title complex has been synthesized by the reaction of silicotungstic acid , 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate and cupric acetate.

以钨硅酸为催化剂，通过丁酸和异丁醇反应合成了丁酸异丁酯，探讨醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量及反应时间对酯化率的影响。

The effect of progesterone could be potentiated by GABA A receptor agonist muscimol and antagonized by GABA A receptor antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin as well as GABA B receptor agonist baclofen. The effect of progesterone and the actions of these drugs mainly manifested in the concentration range of progesterone 0 01～0 05 μmol/L.

该作用可被氨基丁酸A受体激动剂蝇蕈醇加强，被氨基丁酸A受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱和印防己毒素以及氨基丁酸B受体激动剂巴氯芬阻断，而且孕酮的效应以及各药物对其的影响均集中在0.01～0.05 μmol/L孕酮浓度中较为明显。

The results show that there were no significant differences among the four forage rations in rumen pH, the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, the ratios of acetate to propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate and valerate（P﹥0.05）. Only in 11:30, the concentrations of isovalerate caused by ration A and B were significantly higher than the other two rations(P﹤0.05).The milk yield caused by the ration C was significantly lower than the others (P﹤0.05). However, there were also no significantly differences among these four rations in the DM, fat, sugar, protein and scc of the milk. The milk fat and sugar of ration B and C were higher than ration A and D in number as well.

试验结果显示：各粗料组合日粮对各个时间点的瘤胃发酵指标：pH、TVFA、乙酸、丙酸、乙酸/丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸浓度均无显著差异（P﹥0.05），只在11：30时，日粮A、B的异戊酸浓度显著低于日粮C、D (P﹤0.05)；日粮C的产奶量显著低于其它三个日粮，而在乳干物质、乳脂、乳糖、乳蛋白、体细胞数上，各日粮均无显著差异，从数值上看，日粮B、C的乳脂和乳糖高于A、D。

Therefore, the ways to their separation and identification are different, except similar separation method for caproic acid bacteria and butyric acid bacteria and similar property identification method for acetic acid bacteria and lactobacillus, the other methods are quite different.

摘 要：着重研究粮食酒发酵中4类产酸菌的分离，其中己酸菌与丁酸菌同属梭状芽孢杆菌，为厌氧菌，醋酸菌为好氧菌，乳酸菌则微好氧，因此各自有不同的分离鉴定方法，其中己酸菌与丁酸菌分离方法相似，丁酸菌与乳酸菌的性能鉴定方法相似，其他则各有特色。

Purified water, euphorbia cerifera wax, glyceryl stearate, ammonium acrylates copolymer, butylene glycol, copernica cerifera wax, stearic acid, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, acrylates copolymer, bentonite, tromethamine, hexylene glycol, silk amino acids, cholesterol, glycine, synthetic wax, ethylhexyl glycerin, alanine, PEG-9 dimethicone, nylon-6, lecithin, silica, simethicone, caprylyl glycol, xanthan gum, propylene glycol, isostearic acid, sodium laureth-12 slfate, ceteareth-20, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium chloride, sodium acetate, disodium EDTA, benzyl alcohol, chlorphenesin, phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, may contain /- mica, iron oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499), titanium dioxide (CI 77891), ferric ferrocyanide (CI 77150), ultramarines (CI 77007), blue 1 lake (CI 42090), bronze powder (CI 77400), aluminum powder (CI 77000), bismuth oxychloride (CI 77163), carmine (CI 75740), chromium hydroxide green (CI 77289), chromium oxide greens (CI 77288), yellow 5 lake CI 19140

水，小烛树蜡，硬脂酸甘油酯，丙烯酸铵共聚物，1，3-丁二醇，巴西棕榈蜡，硬脂酸，异丁酸醋酸蔗糖酯，丙烯酸酯共聚物，蒙脱土，二吡喃乙酸乙酯胺，已烯醇，丝氨酸，胆固醇，甘油，合成蜡，异丁基甘油，丙胺酸，PEG-9二甲基硅油，尼龙-6，卵磷酯，硅粉，硅氧烷，癸酰基乙二醇，汉生胶，丙二醇，异硬脂酸，月桂基醚-12硫酸钠，十六十八醇醚-20，聚乙烯醇，氯化钠，醋酸钠，EDTA二钠，苯氧乙醇，氯代苯酚，卞醇，尼泊金甲酯，尼泊金乙酯，尼泊金丙酯，尼泊金丁酯，尼泊金异丁酯，[可能还含有云母，铁黑(CI 77491， CI 77492， CI 77499)，钛白粉(CI 77891)，氰化亚铁(CI 77150)，靛蓝(CI 77007)，蓝1号(CI 42090)，青铜粉(CI 77400)，铝粉(CI 77000)，氯氧化铋(CI 77163)，洋红色素(CI 75740)，氢氧化铬绿(CI 77289)，氧化铬绿(CI 77288)，黄5号(CI 19140)]文章来自网络，不代表本网站立场，版权归原作者所有，转载请注明出处！

The result showed due to yeast fermentation process there were many new aroma components in jujube wine which were different from the juice: Isoamyl alcohol, Phenylethyl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol and so on; jujube juice hexadecanoic acid and other senior fatty acid composition obviously degradated; Alcohols and esters composition were sharply upward.

反映出发酵过程由于酵母的繁殖代谢产生了很多新成分，如异戊醇，丁酸乙酯，辛酸乙酯等；枣汁中十六酸等高级脂肪酸成分明显降解，苯乙醇，2，3-丁二醇，己二酸(2-甲基)丁酯，己二酸二异丙酯等醇类和酯类成分呈急剧上升的趋势。

With LaCl_3·7H_2O as catalyst to replace conventional liquid inorganic acid,and the esterificationbetween isobutyric acidand n-butyl alcohol as a probe reaction,the optimum conditions were investigated and various isobutyrate s were synthesized over it in this paper.

7H2O替代传统液体无机酸为催化剂，以合成异丁酸正丁酯为探针反应考察催化酯化反应的优化条件，并在此条件下合成了多种异丁酸酯，比较了不同催化剂对催化合成异丁酸正丁酯的影响。

Distribution ratios of complex extraction for different operation conditions were forecasted. Using mass action law, the liquid-liquid equilibrium models of complex extraction of monobasic and polybasic carboxylic acid have been successfully induced, and physical extraction were also considered in the model. On the basis of orthogonal experiments, the models of equilibrium distribution ratios were established. The processes of complex extraction were tested and verified. Comparing experimental data with model values, it could be held that the regression precision of model was rather high and the model supplied fundamental data for industrial amplification and practical use of complex extraction.

采用质量作用定律分析方法，成功地推导了同时考虑物理萃取的一元及多元羧酸络合萃取通用液-液平衡数学模型，并在正交试验基础上建立了磷酸三丁酯络合萃取丁酸、三烷基胺（7301）萃取丁酸、丁二酸、柠檬酸的平衡分配系数模型，从平衡角度对络合萃取过程进行了验证与预测，通过实验数据与模型计算值比较，表明模型的拟合精度较好，从而为络合萃取技术的工业放大与实际应用提供了重要依据。

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。