丁烯酸

The title anti-fogging coating was prepared from film-forming substance such as UV curing of n-butyl methacrylate,β-hydroxy ethyl acrylate,acrylamide and sodium propenyl alkyl ether hydroxyl sulfonate,and proper solvents, crosslinker s,photoinitiators and additives.

以光敏丙烯酸酯低聚物、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯、丙烯酰胺及丙烯基烷醚羟磺酸钠为主要成膜物质，再配以适量的溶剂、交联剂、光敏剂及各种助剂制成UV固化防雾涂料。

A method to synthsis a - methylene - r - butyrolactones was reported by the substituted (a - carbethoxyvinyl) cuprate intermediates, generated by the addition of higer order cuprate to acetylenic ester,traping with epoxides stereoselectively.

本文报道了通过以高序铜代替低序铜对炔酸酯加成得到的取代铜与端基或环状环氧化合物的立体选择性反应，较高产率的合成α，β-取代烯酯，进而可合成α-亚烷基-γ-丁内酯类衍生物。

The catalytic system composed of NHPI and transition metal ion can catalyze effectively ethane into acetic acid,cyclane into dicarboxylic acid,toluene into benzoic acid,alkene into epoxide,alkyne into acetylenic ketone,and amide into imide;NHPI used alone can catalyze adamantane to be carbonylated,hydrogen peroxide prepared by oxidization alcohol;NHPI combined with as...

NHPI与过渡金属离子组成的催化体系能高效地催化乙烷氧化为乙酸、环烷烃氧化为二元羧酸、甲苯氧化为苯甲酸、烯烃氧化为环氧化物、炔烃氧化为炔酮、酰胺氧化为酰亚胺；NHPI单独使用能催化金刚烷发生氧化羰基化反应、催化氧化醇制取过氧化氢；NHPI与有机助催化剂如偶氮二异丁腈、溴化季铵盐、蒽醌和醇等也能催化分子氧氧化反应。

Several routes for synthesizing methyl isopropyl ketone were introduced, including the main methods based on isobutyl aldehyde-acetic acid, isobutyric acid -acetic acid, methyl ethyl ketone-formaldehyde and isoprene.

介绍了甲基异丙酮的多种合成路线，主要有异丁醛-乙酸法、异丁酸-乙酸法、甲基乙基酮-甲醛法和异戊二烯法。

The dissertation mainly consists of two parts:1. The Reaction Chemistry of Alkynes under Palladium Catalysis Part 1 studies the reaction α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with alkenylpalladium intermediate generated by nucleopalladation, and discovered 1 the Pd-catalyzed tandem addition reaction of halides, alkynes and α,β-unsaturated carbonyls,2 the four-component tandem addition reaction of halides, alkynes and α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, 3 the tandem intramolecular oxypalladation-conjugate additionreaction of alkynoic acids with α,β-enals. These new reactions provide notonly efficient highly stereoselective methods for the synthesis of γ,δ-unsaturated,polyunsaturated carbonyl compounds and γ-lactonic aldehydes, but also thebasic transformations for a number of C-C bond formation reactions which can be usedto design synthesis of many acyclic, cyclic or polycyclic compounds.

本论文的主要工作分为两个部分：一、钯催化下炔烃的反应化学在本小组前人工作的基础上，我们详细研究了炔烃亲核钯化产生的烯基钯中间体与α，β-不饱和羰基化合物的反应，发现两价钯催化下卤离子-炔烃-α，β-不饱和醛酮的串联加成反应、卤离子-炔烃-α，β-不饱和醛酮的西组分串联加成及炔酸分子内氧钯化-串联Michael型加成反应；由此发展了γ，δ-不饱和醛酮、多不饱和羰基化合物和带有醛酮基侧链的γ-丁内酯衍生物的高立体选择性合成方法，这一过量卤离子存在下的烯基钯对α，β-不饱和羰基化合物共轭加成反应的发现，为大量碳-碳键形成反应的实现提供了基础，使我们能够从这一基本反应出发，设计和开发多种分子内、分子间的碳碳成键反应，以好的立体、区域选择性组建开链、环状及多环类型的化合物。

In this paper,the monomers including St and BA with strong waterproof property were employed to modify the traditional PVAc emulsion,and meanwhile draw into DAAM functional monomer in the copolymer system,will prepare out cross linking copolymer emulsion for ADH to improve the waterproof,oilproof and dry/wet mechanical property of fuel oil filter paper.

采用具有较强抗水性的苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯等单体对传统聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液进行共聚改性，并在共聚体系中引入双丙酮丙烯酰胺功能单体，制备出可通过外加己二酸二酰肼交联的外交联醋丙共聚乳液，以期提高燃油滤纸的耐水、耐油性和干湿态的力学性能。

We screened a set of Lewis base organocatalysts derived from chiral pipecolinic acid and tert-butanesulfinamide for the reduction of-N-Cbz-1- phenylpropenamine, including newly designed ones and some of those previously developed in our lab. However, only moderate stereoselectivities, albeit high yields were obtained.

在本课题组前期研究的基础上，我们筛选并设计了一系列以手性哌啶酸和叔丁基亚磺酰胺为母体的有机小分子路易斯碱催化剂，它们能催化三氯氢硅对-N-苄氧羰基-1-苯基丙烯胺的不对称还原，获得很高的收率和中等的对映选择性，并且具有很好的底物普适性。

Using tetrabutyl titanate and methyl methacrylateor 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA as materials, methacryloxylpropyl trimethoxy siliane as coupling agent, HCl as catalyst, Poly-titania（PMMA－TiO2） nanocomposites and Poly-titania（PMMA－TiO2） nanocomposites were synthesized by sol-gel process.

以盐酸作为催化剂，将钛酸四丁酯水解制备二氧化钛（TiO2）溶胶；随后将所制备溶胶与甲基丙烯酸甲酯、硅烷偶联剂（γ－甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷）相混合，以过氧化苯甲酰作为引发剂，经过聚合、缩合和溶胶-凝胶过程，制备了均匀透明的PMMA-TiO2纳米复合材料和PHEMA－TiO2纳米复合材料。

With this aim, two different haptens mono- O -3-carboxypropyl- diethylstilbestrol and mono- O -carboxymethyldiethylstilbestrol with carboxylic group that preserve the molecular structure character of diethylstilbestrol were synthesized. The haptens were conjugated with the carrier proteins bovine serum albumin by mixed-anhydride method for immunogen and conjugated with ovalbumin by active ester method for coating antigen.

首先，两种保留己烯雌酚特征结构并具有活性基团的半抗原正丁酸己烯雌酚单醚、乙酸己烯雌酚单醚被合成；然后采用混合酸酐法将半抗原与BSA偶联制备成免疫原，采用活性酯法将办抗原与OVA偶联制备了包被原。

Moreover, MeJA induced defense genes, such as pathogenesis-related proteins (PR2a), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, BX9, and TPS. MeJA also increased DIMBOA and Vannillic acid content of leaves and roots significantly but leaf p－Hydroxybenzoic acid concentration was decreased significantly and Protocatechuric acid was produced in roots only.

1MeJA叶片处理能诱导叶片和根系中丙二烯氧化物环化酶基因、糖基转移酶（BX9）基因、苯丙氨酸转氨酶基因的表达，使叶片和根系中丁布含量升高，同时，6μL/L MeJA处理使第二叶中原儿茶酸含量显著降低，诱导根中产生原儿茶酸，使第二叶中香草酸含量和根中未知物质峰面积显著增大。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。