丁烯

The use of the butene is to rely mainly on mixing the butene and producing the petrol component of high hard alkane value, account for 60% of volume of consumption of butene, 11% mixed butene is used as industry or civil fuel.

丁烯的利用是以混合丁烯生产高辛烷值汽油组分为主，约占丁烯消费量的60%，另有11%的混合丁烯用作工业或民用燃料。

First, a chlorinator was self-designed in this paper, and dichloride of 2-methyl-1-propene was synthesized by 2-methyl-1-propene reacted with chlorine fast in this reactor. By means of the Orthogonal Experiments design and single factor experiments, the influence of several reaction variables on the yield were examined and the optimum reaction conditions under the intervallic operation were obtained, the yield and selectivity of dichloride of 2-methyl-1-prop-ene were more than 65% and 80% respectively. Second, the preparation of 2-methylene-1, 3-propanediol, which dichloride of 2-methyl-1-propene reacted with alkali was investigated. By means of the Orthogonal Experiments design and single factor experiments, the influence of several reaction variables on the yield were examined and the optimum reaction conditions under the intervallic operation were obtained, the conversion of dichloride of 2-methyl-1-propene was 100%. Moreover the preparation of MPO, which 2-methylene-1, 3-propanediol reacted with hydrogen, in presence of Al_2O_3-Pd catalyst, was gotten, and the product was appraised.

本文在氯化反应过程中，自行设计制作出了氯化管式反应器，在该反应器中异丁烯和氯气迅速混合反应生成二氯异丁烯，根据该氯化反应特征利用正交试验和单因素试验考察了有关因素的影响并优化得到了最佳工艺条件，二氯异丁烯的总收率达65％以上，选择性达80％；接着，对二氯异丁烯进行水解反应制得了2-甲烯-1，3-丙二醇，讨论了相关因素对水解反应的影响，并通过正交试验和单因素试验得到了较佳工艺条件，二氯异丁烯的转化率达100％；同时还对制备的2-甲烯-1，3-丙二醇在常压下采用三氧化二铝负载钯催化剂催化加氢得目的产物MPO，并对产品进行了鉴定，从而打通了整个工艺路线。

Water,Hydrogenated Polyisobutene,Cyclohexasiloxane,Glycerin,Alcohol Denat,Cetearyl Alcohol,PEG-20,Petrolatum,C13-14 Isoparaffin,Zea Mays Oil,Tocopheryl Acetate,Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantriol,Hydrolyzed Soy Protein,CI 14700/Red 4,Phenoxyethanol,Adenosine,PEG-100 Stearate,Ethylparaben,Triethanolamine,Polyacrylamide,Malus Domestica Stem Cell Culture,CI 19140/Yellow 5,Dimethyl Isosorbide,Dimethicone,Dimethiconol,Limonene,Xanthan Gum,Pentaerythrityl Tetra-Di-T-Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate,Linalool,2-Oleamido-1,3-Octadecanediol,Capryloyl Salicylic Acid,Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer,Passiflora Edulis Seed Oil,Disodium EDTA,Castanea Sativa Seed Extract,Butyrospermum Parkii· Cetyl Alcohol,Butylene Glycol,Octyldodecanol,Cetearyl Glucoside,Methylparaben,Citronellol,Prunus Armeniaca Kernel Oil,Laureth-7,Coumarin,Oryza Sativa Bran Oil,Glyceryl Stearate,Fragrance

水，甘油，氢化聚异丁烯，液体石蜡/矿油，丁二醇，环己硅氧烷，鲸蜡醇，甘油硬脂酸酯，棕榈油，玉米胚芽油，PEG-100硬脂酸酯，白蜂蜡/蜂蜡，肉豆蔻醇肉豆蔻酸酯，石蜡，香精，腺苷，苧烯，山梨醇，CI 14700，CI 19140，稻糠油，杏仁油，EDTA二钠，羟丙基四氢吡喃三醇，苯氧乙醇，聚乙二醇-14M，异十六烷，氢氧化钠，辛基十二醇，季戊四醇四（双-t-丁基羟基氢化肉桂酸）酯，山梨坦三硬脂酸酯，水解大豆蛋白，卡波姆，鸡蛋果籽油，苹果果实提取物，欧洲栗籽提取物，异山梨醇酐二甲醚，聚山梨醇酯-80，辛酰水杨酸，2-油酰胺基-1，3-十八烷二醇，氯苯甘醚，麦芽糖醇，香豆素，黄原胶，微晶蜡，丙烯酰胺/丙烯酰基二甲基牛磺酸钠共聚物，丙二醇，芳樟醇，香茅醇，玉米油，羟苯丙酯，羟苯甲酯

On the NiO/SiO〓 catalyst prepared by IM, the main hydrogenation product of MA was SA, the activity and selectivity were almost no relation with the nickel content and nickel species 3. Summarizing the characterization and activity evaluation of the catalysts, we concluded: On nickel based catalyst, when NiO was crystallite, and the Ni〓 that was prepared by reducing, hydrogenation of the MA could lead to SA but not to γ-BL; when NiO was cluster and had a properly interaction with the support, the Ni〓 prepared by reducing, could hydrogenate MA to SA then to γ-BL. When NiO cluster and crystallite were both existed on the catalyst, the hydrogenation products were mixture of SA and γ-BL, and the amounts of SA and γ-BL were related with the ratio of cluster and crystallite.

综合催化剂的表征和活性评价得出：当镍基催化剂上氧化镍以结晶态存在，经氢还原后的零价镍可使顺丁烯二酸酐加氢得到丁二酸酐，丁二酸酐难以进一步加氢为γ-丁内酯；当镍基催化剂上氧化镍以簇团形式存在，与载体之间有适当的相互作用时，经氢还原后的零价镍可使顺丁烯二酸酐加氢得到的丁二酸酐进一步加氢为γ-丁内酯；若催化剂上氧化镍既有结晶态又有簇团形式时，随二者含量比例不同而得到丁二酸酐和γ-丁内酯的混合物。

The process can convert over 95% isobutylene in C 4 olefin into diisobutylene or isooctene in the present of acid cation exchange resin catalyst,and partial 1-butylene also take part in the reaction.

介绍了一种混合碳四烯烃叠合利用的预反和催化蒸馏组合技术，该技术以酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂，可以将混合碳四烯烃中的95%以上的异丁烯叠合反应生成二异丁烯和异辛烯，且部分正丁烯也参与二聚或共聚。

They are 4-(2- hydroxy-3-butynlenoxy) benzoic acid (1, WA), 5-chloro-7, 8-dihydroxy-7-methyl- 6-oxo-3- [ -3, 4-dihydroxy-3, 5-dimethyl-l-heptylene] -1H-8, 8a-dihydrobenzo [2, 3-c] pyran (2, WB),-2-(2-methyl-2-dibutene diamido)-2-butenoic acid (3, B5262), 3, 4-dihydro-9, 10-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-1H-naphtho [2, 3- c] pyran-1-one (4, A73 semi-Vioxanthin), 8, 8'-bis (6, 9-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-10- hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-1H-naphtho [2, 3-c] pyran-1-one)(5, A122 Xanthomegnin), 2, 5-dioxo-3a-hydroxymethyl-3, 3a, 6, 6a-tetrahydro-furo [2, 3-b] furan (6, 1003-2), 7-acety1-5-chloro-6, 8-dioxo-7-methyl-3- [ -3, 5-dimethyl-1, 3- diheptylene] -4aH-benzo [2, 3-c] pyran (7, M2-2 sclerotiorin), respectively.

它们分别被命名为4-（2-羟基-3-丁炔氧基）苯甲酸（1，WA）、5-氯-7，8-二羟基-7-甲基-6-氧代-3-[-3，4-二羟基-3，5-二甲基-1-庚烯基]-1H-8，8a-二氢苯并[2，3-c]吡喃（2，WB）、-2-（2-甲基-2-丁烯二酰亚胺基）-2-丁烯酸（3，B5262）、3，4-氢-9，10-二羟基-7-甲氧基-3-甲基-1H-萘并［2，3-c］吡喃-1-酮（semi-Vioxanthin，4，A73）、8，8'-双（6，9-二氧代-3，4-二氢-10-羟基-7-甲氧基-3-甲基-1H-萘并［2，3-c］吡喃-1-酮）（Xanthomegnin，5，A122）、2，5-二氧代-3a-羟甲基-3，3a，6，6a-四氢-呋喃并［2，3-b］呋喃（6，1003-2），7-乙酰基-5-氯-6，8-二氧代-7-甲基-3-［-3，5-二甲基-1，3-庚二烯基］-4aH-苯并2，3-c］吡喃（Sclerotiorin，7，M2-2）。

Experiment showed that the hydrolysis product of chloroisopentene in sodium hydroxide solution was mixture of isopentenol and methyl butenol , which indicated that displacement reaction of chloroisopentene was accompanied by isomerization reaction of carbonium ion.

在以氢氧化钠水溶液进行氯代异戊烯水解时发现，水解产物为异戊烯醇和甲基丁烯醇的混合物，这说明氯代异戊烯在进行取代反应的同时，伴有正碳离子的异构化反应，由此开发了一条全新的由氯代异戊烯生产甲基丁烯醇和异戊烯醇的新的工艺路线。

Crotonic acid can be made by crotonaldehyde oxidized,and crotonaldehyde widly exists asthe accessory substance in the chemical enterprises that produce and use aldehyde.

丁烯酸可由丁烯醛氧化制得，而丁烯醛在生产和使用乙醛的化工企业作为副产物广泛存在，是一种需治理的废弃物，我国具有生产丁烯酸的原料条件。

From the influnce of pH change in water on the copolymerization, the copolymerization mechanism was provided. The copolymerization mechanism is that there is hydrogen bond, which can enhance the copolymerization, between acrylic acid and crotonaldehyde at low pH and there is"Charge Transfer Complex", which gives the more crotonaldehyde in P (acrylic acid-crotonaldehyde), between acrylic acid and crotonaldehyde at high pH.

根据共聚合反应介质pH值变化对丙烯酸-丁烯醛共聚合反应的影响，提出了丙烯酸-丁烯醛共聚合反应机理，即在低pH值时，丙烯酸、丁烯醛之间可形成氢键，从而使共聚合体系具有较高的聚合反应速率和转化率；在较高pH值时，丙烯酸、丁烯醛之间则有电荷转移络合物形成，从而使共聚物中含有更多的丁烯醛链段。

Completely different crystal structures and morphology were shown in the meltdrawn films of two kinds of tacticity of sPP. A continuous conformational transform from the 〓 into the of sPP was induced by further stretching. While the zigzag conformation can retransform back to helical 〓 one after annealing above 80℃, the mechanism of conformation transform has been introduced.

Petermann教授学科专业高分子化学与物理研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国科学院长春应用化学研究所学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数114页关键词聚丙烯聚丁烯共聚物聚α-烯烃馆藏号BSLW /2003 /O632 /3 用电子显微学、电子衍射、DSC和FTIR等技术对聚α-烯烃及其共聚物的晶体结构和相转变行为进行了系统地研究，包括间同立构聚丙烯、全同立构和间同立构聚丁烯-1（iPB-1，sPB-1）、以及丙烯-丁烯-1间同立构共聚物。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新