丁化作用

This paper attempts to examine the carnivalization adopted in The Spire and tries to explain its important function.

本文对作品的狂欢化手法进行了详细分析，并试图说明戈尔丁这一手法在作品中的重要作用。

The results show that the optimum catalysts for the Michael addition and the nitroreduction were tetrabutylammoniumfioride and titanium trichloride, and the yields of the addition product and the reduction product were 54% and 78%, respectively.

结果表明，Michael加成反应和硝基还原反应的最佳催化剂分别是氟化四丁基铵和三氯化钛，在二者催化作用下所得加成产物和还原产物的收率分别为54%和78%。

The results show that there is intensive synergistic effect among cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzalacetone and polyethylene glycol. A bright and compact nanocrystalline zinc was produced due to the coexistence of such three additives.

结果表明，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、4-苯基-3-丁烯-2-酮和聚乙二醇三种添加剂之间具有较强的协同作用，采用三者组成的混合添加剂可制备出光亮致密的纳米晶锌镀层。

Objective: To compare the effect of ipratropium bromide with sulbutamol, on bronchodilatation in patients with asthma and COPD.

目的：比较溴化异丙托品气雾剂与沙丁胺醇气雾剂分别使用及联合应用对哮喘和COPD患者的支扩作用。

Based on the problem of various types of catalyst and according to the features of carbonylation catalysts reactions, our team has been designed a series of new metal complexes of benimidazoles, which can be used for carbonylation catalyst of industry. Seven new benzimidazole derivatives were prepared by the o-phenylenediamine、oxalic acid、glycolic acid、monomethyl monopotassium malonate、ethyl cyanoacetate、succinic anhydride. The structures of them were confirmed by IR、Elemental analsis. The crystal structures of d and e were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction of Germanic Bruker Smart APEX II CCD. The catalysis of them was tested by carbonylation reactions.

本文设计以邻苯二胺和草酸、羟基乙酸、丙二酸单甲酯、氰基乙酸乙酯、丁二酸单甲酯为原料采用PPA催化和无机酸催化法，合成了4种苯并咪唑-2-羧酸衍生物并进行了表征；培养了2个化合物d、e的晶体并测定和讨论了晶体结构；制备了3种未见报道的苯并咪唑金属配合物，对配合物在羰基化法制醋酐-醋酸反应的催化作用进行了初步试验。

For the stepwise mechanism, the ethylene molecule was firstly adsorbed at the Brnsted acid site via π-hydrogen bonding to form a stable complex, which then went through the protonation, leading to the formation of the ethoxide intermediate. Furthermore, the ethoxide reacted with the second ethylene molecule to form the butoxide product.

对于分步反应机理，乙烯分子首先通过π-氢键作用在酸性位形成稳定的吸附络合物，再进一步发生质子化并生成乙醇盐中间体，随后乙醇盐与第二个乙烯分子发生碳－碳键结合形成丁醇盐产物。

The uniform nano-sized titanic oxide mesoporous thin film which can be coated repeatedly was prepared by adding tetrahydrofuran which acts as dispersant to micro-emulsion system consisting of water,cyclohexane,hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and butyl alcohol.

通过在水、环己烷、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、正丁醇4组分构成的微乳液体系中加入起分散作用的四氢呋喃，制备出均匀、可重复成膜的纳米氧化钛介孔薄膜。

In this study, the amount of ethylene and its key biosynthesis genes expression, typical allelochemical hydroxamic acid concentration and the key regulation genes (BX1 and BX9), as well as the dynamic expression and time of relevant defense key genes of secondary substance metabolism processes were compared in ethephon treatments of different concentration and duration.

为探明外源乙烯利对玉米化学防御作用诱导的浓度和时间效应，本文采用化学和分子生物学相结合的方法，研究了不同浓度乙烯利处理玉米后，叶片乙烯释放量及其合成调控关键基因ACS和ACO表达的变化，典型化感物质丁布的含量及其关键调控基因BX1和BX9表达的变化，以及其他调控次生代谢物的关键基因表达的时间动态。

In order to investigate regulation roles of non-esterified fatty acids,β-hydroxybuty-ric acid and glucose in hepatocyte glycometabolism and lipometabolism in dairy cows, effects of NEFA, BHBA and GLU on expression of neonatal calf glucagon receptormRNA in neonatal calf hepatocytes cultured in vitro were observed by real-time quantitative PCR.

为阐明代谢产物非酯化脂肪酸、β-羟丁酸和葡萄糖在乳牛肝糖代谢、脂代谢中的调控作用，应用实时荧光定量PCR法观察了NEFA、BHBA和GLU对体外培养新生犊牛肝细胞胰高血糖素受体mRNA丰度的影响。

Objective: To study the pathogenetic role and expression of Fas antigen and Fas ligand in severe cases of hepatitis D.

目的：探讨Fas／FasL途径介导的肝细胞凋亡在丁型肝炎重型化机制中的作用。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。