丁化作用

Catalytic effect of ionic liquids to isobutane and butene alkylate reaction was studied,composition of ionic liquids,isobutane and butene mole compares factors to the alkylate reaction influence was reviewed.

研究了离子液体对异丁烷与正丁烯烷基化反应的催化作用，考察了离子液体组成、异丁烷与正丁烯物质的量比等因素对烷基化反应的影响。

It also classifies them in accordance with the compound method of triazene reagents as follows: reagents diazotizated with sodium nitrite and muriatic acid, reagents diazotizated with nitrosyl positive ion, reagents diazotizated with n-butyrate nitrite.These reagents with high sensitivity and good choice have been widely applied to the determination of microa mounts of cadmium and...

按三氮烯类试剂合成的方法进行分类，分别为在亚硝酸钠和盐酸作用下重氮化的试剂，在亚硝酰正离子作用下重氮化的试剂，在亚硝酸正丁脂作用下重氮化的试剂，此类试剂灵敏度高，选择性好，广泛应用于被镉、汞等过渡金属离子污染的环境样品的分析中。

The esterifying effects of monascus, daqu and rhizopus strain on single acid (acetic acid, caproic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid) and mixed acid (acetic acid,caproic acid,lactic acid, and butyric acid mixed together according to the ratio of 1∶1∶1∶1) were studied.

对红曲霉、大曲以及根霉菌对单一酸（乙酸、己酸、乳酸、丁酸）和混合酸（四大酸按1∶1∶1∶1混合）的酯化效果进行了研究，结果表明，红曲霉能促进己酸、丁酸及混合酸与乙醇的酯化作用，生成的酯类物质均为己酸乙酯，而且酯化能力极强；大曲能促进己酸、丁酸及混合酸与乙醇的酯化作用，生成的酯类物质均为己酸乙酯，并且能促进乙酸与乙醇的酯化生成乙酸乙酯；根霉能促进己酸和混合酸与乙醇的酯化作用，生成少量的己酸乙酯和乳酸乙酯。

Firstly, 3-ethylthiobutanal was prepared from crotonaldehyde reacting with ethanehiol in triethylamine with high yield. Secondly, methyl acetoacetate was converted to 6-ethylthiohept-3-en-2-one by three steps via hydrolysis, condensation with 3-ethyltio-butanal and dehydration, then 6-ethylthiohept-3-en-2-one was cycloco ndensed with dimethyl malonate by Michael addition and Claisen condensation, followed by saponification and decarboxylation to give the intermediate of 5-(2-ethylthiopropyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-dione.

首先，以巴豆醛与乙硫醇为原料，在三乙胺的催化作用下高收率制得3-乙硫基丁醛；然后从乙酰乙酸甲酯出发，通过碱水解、与3-乙硫基丁醛缩合、脱水三步反应合成6-乙硫基-3-烯-2-庚酮，接着6-乙硫基-3-烯-2-庚酮与丙二酸二甲酯通过Michael加成和Claisen缩合成环，再通过皂化和脱羧反应生成中间体5-[2-丙基]-1，3-环己二酮；再与丙酸酐反应丙酰化，最后与0-3-氯-2-丙烯基羟胺肟化，得到目标化合物烯草酮。

Single dibasic acid can be identified by infrared spectroscopy while mixed dibasic acids have to be differentiated by paper chromatography in isopro-pan...

用顺丁烯二酸酐固化的环氧树脂经水解与分离后得到的主要是反丁烯二酸和少量顺丁烯二酸，前者的含量随固化温度的提高而增多，因而确证这一顺-反异构化反应是在固化过程中受热，而不是在水解，酸化时受化学试剂的作用产生的。

Formylation and diformylation of dithieno [2,3-b:3',2'-d] thiophene were prepared by two methods. Firstly, aromatic carbanions were prepared by 1 Br/Li exchange of bromo dithieno[2,3-b:3',2'-d]thiophene with n-BuLi in THF at low temperature; 2 deprotonation of dithieno[2,3-b:3',2'-d]thiophene with LDA.

二噻吩并[2，3-b：3'，2'-d]噻吩单醛与双醛的制备首先通过两种方法产生芳基负离子：1溴代并三噻吩在四氢呋喃中与正丁基锂发生的溴锂交换；2用LDA对二噻吩并[2，3-b：3'，2'-d]噻吩去质子化作用。

Tetrachloroterephthalic acid was prepared by chlorinating terephthalic acid, oleumsolvent and iodine catalyst. Tetrachloroterephthalic acid was acylated by sulphurous oxychloride in the presence of DMF to form tetrachloroterephthaloyl chloride. The acyl chloride product was fluorinated by potassium fluoride and esterified by methanol to synthesize dimethyl tetrafluoroterephthalate. The ester was reduced with potassium borohydride and lithium chloride to give tetrafluoroterephthalyl alcohol. The above product was bromated in the hydrobromic acid to obtain 4-bromomethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-benzene methanol. 4-Methyl-2,3,5,-6-tetrafluorobenzene ethanol was obtained by reducing the bromide with magnesium. In the exist of DCC and DMAP, tefluthrin was got by the condensation reaction between 4-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-benzene methanol and-(1RS,3RS)- 3-(2- chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl cycolpropanecar-boxylate acid.

对苯二甲酸与氯气在碘存在下以发烟硫酸为溶剂进行氯化制备四氯对苯二甲酸；再以DMF为催化剂与二氯亚砜反应生成四氯对苯二甲酰氯；以氟化钾为氟化剂，环丁砜为溶剂置换氟化，再与甲醇酯化得到四氟对苯二甲酸甲酯；以KBH4-LiCl为还原剂二甲醚为溶剂反应制得四氟对苯二甲基苄醇；以氯苯为溶剂在溴化氢溶液中溴化得到溴化产物；在乙醇溶液中经镁粉还原得到4-甲基-2，3，5，6-四氟苄醇；甲基苄醇与功夫酸在催化剂二环己基碳二亚胺和4-二甲氨基吡啶作用下缩合得到七氟菊酯，总收率达43.6%。

In solid phase process, the polyiodides, which include triiodide, pentaiodide, heptaiodide, nonaiodide and undecaiodide tetra-n-butyl ammonium iodide, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide and tetramethyl ammonium iodide poly-compounds, were synthesized by the low-heat solid phase reaction between iodine and tetra-n-butyl ammonium iodide, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide or tetramethyl ammonium iodide; In complexation process, solution polyiodides were synthesized by complexing action of different agents; In resinifying process, triiodide, pentaiodide, heptaiodide resinic polyiodides were synthesized by ion-exchange when the strong basicity styrene anion exchange resin, potassium iodide and iodine were used as raw materials.

固相法是用正四丁基碘化铵、四丁基溴化铵或四甲基碘化铵分别与碘作用，通过低热固相反应，合成出碘三、碘五、碘七、碘九和碘十一形式的正四丁基碘化铵、四丁基溴化铵或四甲基碘化铵的系列高聚碘化合物；在络合法合成溶液高聚碘的实验中，选用几种络合剂通过络合作用首次合成了溶液高聚碘；树脂法合成高聚碘的实验是采用强碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂、碘化钾和碘为原料，通过离子交换，合成了碘三、碘五和碘七形式的树脂高聚碘。

These results, combined with the additional findings in decerebraterats, suggest that supraspinal effects (perhaps on -aminobutyricacid type A receptors) may have a supraspinal facilitatory effecton nociception for HFB.

上述结果结合在去大脑大鼠中的发现提示 HFB 的脊髓上效应（可能作用於γ－氨基丁酸 A 型受体）可能对伤害性感受有易化作用。

Two series of polyurethane acrylate grafted acrylic resins (Acr-g-TPU-PETA and Acr-gPPU-PETA) self-emulsifying systems are obtained by grafting -NCO group modified polyurethane acrylates with acrylic copolymer prepared from n-butyl acrylate, styrene,βhydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid The self-emulsifying systems showed Newtonian fluidity with viscosity closed to that of water, the solid contents were around 30% The T〓 of 15～4℃ for dried film before photocuring favored film formation at room temperature DSC and DMA results showed that PU-PETA is compatible with acrylic resin in the grafted resin The TG and dTG curves for Acr-g-PU-PETA samples were substantially different from the corresponding blends, and the brodened dTG peaks for photocured grafted resin suggest that there might be multiple interactions among chain segments The photocued film of the grafted resins self-emulsifying system exhibited good overall properties with polyurethane acrylate grafts ranging from 30% to 50%, and Acr-g-TPU-PETA series showed better properties than Acr-gPPU-PETA series The adhesion of the photocured film was 1～2 grade, impact strength was 50kg-cm and flexibility was 1mm The Shore hardness and the adhesion of the film decreased markedly if PETA was replaced by HEMA as photoactive group due to the lower C=C double bond content in the grafted resin The polyhydroxy amine-linked thioxanthones photoinitiators can be evenly dispersed in self-emulsifying system without color spot appearing in the dried film The films photocured with IV〓～IV〓 generally exhibited higher Shore hardness, gloss and solventresistance than that cured with Irgacure 2959 and did not induce the rusting of the iron substrate Pigmenting with titanium oxide had no effect on the photocuring The polyhydroxy amine-linked thioxanthone IV〓 and IV〓 can be new candidates for the formulation of titanium oxide pigmented photocurable water-borne coatings for their pale-yellow appearance and slight interference with the color of the coatings WB 4759 with high water-solubility coalesced and separated from the dried resin film, and even induced the rusting of iron substrate.

以丙烯酸丁酯，甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯，丙烯酸及苯乙烯合成厂丙烯酸共聚树脂，并与含-NCO端基的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯接枝反应，经水性化后，得到两个系列（Acr-g-TPU-PETA和Acr-g-PPU-PETA）各5个不同配比的丙烯酸树脂接枝聚氨酯丙烯酸酯自乳化体系，粘度与水相近，为牛顿流体，固含量30％左右。光固化前干燥涂膜的玻璃化转变温度在-15℃～4℃之间，有利于室温下成膜。DSC及DMA谱表明两种树脂基本相容。Acr-g-PU-PETA的热失重行为明显不同于共混材料，接枝样dTG峰明显宽化，表明接枝样中链段之间的相互作刚有多重性，丙烯酸树脂与聚氨酯之间有一定的相容性。接枝树脂自乳化体系光固化涂层的综合性能以聚氨酯丙烯酸酯成分为50％～30％者相对较好，且以Acr-g-TPU-PETA系列更理想。光固化膜的附着力为1～2级，冲击强度为50kg·cm，柔软性多为1mm。以HEMA代替PETA作为接枝树脂的活性基团，碳—碳双键密度太低，光固化膜交联点太少，硬度和附着力均较差。多羟基胺连硫杂蒽酮光引发剂能均匀分散于树脂自乳化体系和接枝树脂干膜中，不出现色斑，光固化膜肖氏硬度一般高于以Irgacure 2959为光引发剂的光固化膜，光泽度及耐丁酮溶剂性能均有所提高，不会诱导铁基生锈，钛白着色对光固化结果几乎没有影响。本论文所合成的多羟基胺连硫杂蒽酮光引发剂IV〓与IV〓为浅黄色，对光固化涂层的颜色干扰较小，为配制钛白着色光固化水性涂料提供了新的光引发剂。水溶性太强的WB 4759在干膜中易聚结析出，且对所附着的铁基有诱导锈蚀作用。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。