一阶导数

According to the some properties of the differentiation ,I found that the symmetry of the graph is closely related to the first-order differentiation and the second-order differentiation .from this ,I search for a way to identify the symmetry of the functional graph for the direct line or the central symmetry of the functional graph for the some dot .

摘 要：利用导数的一些性质，发现了函数图象的对称性与函数的一阶、二阶导数的密切关系。根据这些关系，找到了一种判定函数图象是否关于某一直线对称或关于某点成中心对称的方法。

Based on the chain rule techniques, AD seeks first or higher order derivatives of functions represented by a group of dependent program procedures and extended files, the so-called original model, through a number of code-to-code transformings under a series of differential rules.

基于链式求导法则的自动微分方法通过改写原程序模式代码，依赖机器自动构造不同的微分模式，来分析求解函数的一阶或高阶导数，即在一系列预定微分规则下对不同程序对象做从代码到代码的自动微分转换。

In Chapter 2, starting from the basic fractional ordinary differential equations,weapply a high order approximation of fractional derivative advanced by Lubich to frac-tional differential equation, construct a high numerical difference scheme to solve thefractional differential equation, present error analysis of the algorithms theoretically,and prove the consistency ,convergency and stability.

接下来的第二章中，首先从基本的分数阶常微分方程出发，对Lubich提出的一个关于分数阶导数的高阶近似，将其应用于分数阶微分方程，构造高阶数值差分格式来进行分数阶微分方程的数值求解，并在理论上给出这一算法的误差分析，证明了它的相容性，收敛性和稳定性。

We construct an explicit finite difference approximation for the equation by using the equivalence relation between Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative and Grünwald-Letnikovmake fractional derivative.

再利用Riemann-Liouville分数阶导数与Grtinwald-Letnikov分数阶导数之间的等价关系，构造一显式有限差分近似，这一离散格式可以解释为一个随机游走模型，并且收敛于稳定的概率分布。

Using difference method, the first-order and the second-order differential equations of fractional derivative can become the first-order ordinary differential equation, and the high precision direct integration can be used for the solution.

所论方法首先引入差分格式，将含有分数阶导数的一阶和二阶微分方程变为一阶的常微分方程，然后再用精细积分方法逐步积分进行求解。

Furthermore, in order to overcome the disadvantage of GMC, i.e., it can only apply to the processes with relative order of 1, based on Lie derivative, we propose to let the r th derivative of the process output follow the given reference trajectory, to get the control law expression through solving an optimization problem.

针对GMC方法只适于相对阶r为1的简单过程的缺点，采用Lie导数的概念，令过程输出的r阶导数的轨迹为事先设定的标称轨迹，通过解优化问题得到控制律表达式，把GMC方法推广至相对阶r大于1的复杂多输入多输出过程，从而提出了一种广义一般模型控制方法。

In this paper,we present a new class of second order linear differential equation s with meromorphic coefficients and investigate the problems on the fixed points and hyper order of solutions and their 1st,2nd derivatives.

该文提出了一类新型的亚纯函数系数的二阶线性微分方程，研究了其亚纯解及其一阶和二阶导数的不动点及超级问题，得到了有关复域微分方程亚纯解及其一阶和二阶导数的不动点性质。

In this paper,we present a new class of second order linear differential equations with meromorphic coefficients and investigate the problems on the fixed points and hyper order of solutions and their 1st,2nd derivatives.

该文提出了一类新型的亚纯函数系数的二阶线性微分方程，研究了其亚纯解及其一阶和二阶导数的不动点及超级问题，得到了有关复域微分方程亚纯解及其一阶和二阶导数的不动点性质。

The necessary and sufficient conditions for convergent of characteristic domain and the conditions for tangent plane continuity are obtained. The conditions for having limited value of the second order of differential at the convergent point are shown as well.

给出了任一特征域收敛的充要条件；给出了曲面在任一极限收敛点上达到一阶几何连续的条件；分析了极限收敛点处的二阶连续，给出了二阶导数有界的条件。

Animal's welfare can be feed back from their vocalism. We had some experiments to get 35 days old chicken's vocalization in different environment, including normal environment、 light off environment and people's disturbing environment. On the base of Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient, We introduction a new algorithm for feature extraction---Subband Mel Spectrum Centroid. We used support vector machine classification model to evaluate the performance of using different sound parameters.

本文通过研究35日龄海兰褐蛋鸡在正常状态、光照与人为干扰等应激下发声信息的变化特征，提出基于子带梅尔频谱质心的优化特征参数，并通过建立支持向量机模型，比较了采用优化特征参数与梅尔频标倒谱系数及其一阶、二阶导数组成的特征参数（MFCC_39）在识别不同应激中的应用效果。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。