一阶

First, a special normal transversal at the initial point is constructed and a second-order Taylor's algorithm is used to trace the projections along the aforementioned normal transversal. A curvature based method for controlling iteration step is further proposed by projecting the given point onto the curvature circle of the normal transversal at the initial point. Finally gradient based method for correcting iteration errors is put forward.

首先构造初始点处的一条特殊的法截线，并给出沿着该法截线追踪投影点的二阶泰勒迭代方法；然后将给定点向初始点处的法截线的曲率圆作投影，提出基于曲率的步长控制策略，在此基础上给出了基于梯度的迭代误差矫正方法。

According to the system view ofdegradation and decomposition put forward above,the paper proposes a newSplit Reasoning Simulation for qualitative model algorithm called SRSQM,which implements the decomposing,reasoning and solving of qualitative models.In another word,it combines variable cluster and causality graph to decompose acomplex qualitative model into many componentsand constraintsamong those components.Through the qualitative reasoning of the componentsand globally propagating the results,the overall solutions can be achieved.

根据复杂系统的递阶分解的系统观点，本文提出一种新的定性模型分解推理仿真算法，称作SRSQM，实现对定性模型的分解推理求解，即对于一个复杂的定性决策模型，应用变量聚类和因果图相结合的方法，将复杂的定性模型分解成若干个单元及其单元之间的约束，通过对各个单元的定性推理以及将单元推理的结果进行全局传播和过滤，得到整个系统的全局解。

In this article, a class of nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems with singular coefficient in one-dimensional domain was considered.first of all existence and uniqueness of the weak solution of the variational problem correspondin

本文考虑如下一维四阶非线性奇异边值问题 Lu=D~2p(xD~2u-Dp(xDu+pu=fx，u(x x∈I≡(0，1)u(0)=u′(0)=0 u(1)=u′(1)=0的有限元方法。给出相应问题广义解的存在唯一性和先验估计，并通过与解的E-范数投影相比较得到Galerkin逼近的L_2和最大

Based on a formal analysis of lifting decomposition, the hierarchical structure concept of the decomposition set, as well as the lifting decomposition technique of the polyphase matrix' greatest mth-order common divisor, is proposed to conquer the difficulties in the practical computation of and the optimal search in the huge decomposition set.

本文在形式化分析Lifting分解原理的基础上，提出了分解集合的分级结构概念以及多相矩阵的m阶最大公因子Lifling分解技术，克服了分解集合求解问题的高复杂性所带来的实际计算与搜索困难；进一步地，从数值稳定性及计算代价两方面研究了分解的评价问题，设计出两种实用的分解稳定性准则；最后，结合分级结构技术提出一种最优分解算法。

It is proved that the algorithm is convergenced for arbitrary consistent systems of linear algebraic equations.

本文利用行处理法[2～4]和分治策略[5]探讨这一问题。将任意的n×m阶线性代数方程组=bi，∥αi∈R1×m∥i=1，2，…，n。

By applying contour integral method and high-order displacement functionsof MM,we obtain the accurate stress intensity factors of mixed-mode crack.Then,the open crack propagation of the mixed mode I and II is simulated by means oftheories of linear elastic fracture mechanics.This provides a simple and effectivenumerical way for crack evolvement studying.

接着，文中采用围线积分法和流形方法的高阶位移函数来计算得到比较准确的混合型裂纹尖端的应力强度因子，然后基于线弹性断裂力学的裂纹扩展准则，用流形方法实现了平面I-II混合型张裂纹扩展的数值模拟，为数值方法研究裂纹的演化行为提供了一条简单而有效的途径。

In this study, a reduced order model based algorithm was developed for inverse convection heat transfer.

在低阶模型的基础上开发了一种求解对流换热反问题的算法。

This paper gives a way to work out the domain of convergence of high-order Runge-Kutta and its nested methods.

提出了一种研究高阶Runge-Kutta法及其嵌套方法(以Runge-Kutta-Merson法为例)的稳定域。

A new method using convex optimization and projection is proposed to design the low-order cont roller.

提出一种将凸优化算法和投影原理相结合的降阶控制器设计新方法。

A system model reduction method based on regional pole and covariance equivalent is proposed.

文中提出了一种基于极点分布和输出协方差匹配的随机系统模型降阶方法。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。