一阶

This period, the economic and cultural development in the six major areas: First, large-scale long-term Dynasty, greatly promoted the development of agriculture; Second is the backbone of the Jialing River waterway and road construction all over the conduct of a larger scale; Third, Emblem, bands such as the West and establish a state school official, and promote the prosperity of the education and culture; Four Tea-Horse Division is operated by the main tea plantation, Song, the national grasslands and tangutica highly active border trade; Fifth, City flood prevention-oriented care and the dam construction to start large-scale river training works; Sixth, the development and utilization of mineral resources from the project to the scale of all new development.

这一时期，经济文化的发展主要表现在六个方面：一是长期的大规模屯田，大大推动了农业发展；二是以嘉陵江为主干的水路和各地道路建设更大规模地进行着；三是徽、阶、西和等地正式建立起州学，促进了教育文化的繁荣；四是以茶马司经营的茶场为主，宋、金与甘青草原民族的边境贸易高度活跃；五是以防汛护城为主的堤坝修筑和河道治理工程大规模展开；六是矿产开发利用从项目到规模都有新的发展。

To fulfill a TV guidance system task of fast recognizing and tracking missile target from sequential images including multiple interferences,a fast segmentation and target characteristic extraction algorithm of sequential images based on binary image index map was proposed.After the sequential images were processed to binary images,a Field Programmable Gate Array was used to scan the binary image once and an index map was built,and then Digital Signal Processing was used to scan the index map once.

针对电视制导系统需从包含多个干扰目标的序列图像中快速识别和跟踪导弹目标的要求，提出了一种基于二值图像索引图的序列图像快速分割及目标特征提取算法，在序列图像二值化后，只需由FPGA对其遍历一次就可得到一张含有目标信息的索引图表，再由DSP对该索引图表边遍历边计算就可得到图像所含目标的数量、面积、质心坐标、二阶矩不变量等特征。

Based on the improved first order second moment theory and aimed at the problems of mechanical reliability analysis and mechanical reliability design of single designing variable, this paper put forward a kind of explicit iteration algorithm for computing the structural reliability and determining the designing parameters of structural reliability.

引言改进的一次二阶矩理论是结构可靠性分析和设计的一种实用方法[1]，具有建立结构可靠性分析和设计计算模型简单等优点，在这种方法中，Hasofer和Lind推荐的可靠度指标是定量评估机械可靠性的一种基本参数。

Compared with the Ritz vector method,the scheme still keeps the feature of using sidgle vector for inverse iteration.

一般的Ri权向址法和助n二哪法都是从一个初始向量开始迭代，用带，卜交化的反迭代脚戈一组Ritz挂向叭和相应r内只对角矩阵，仅用一次R叮leigh一Ri垅分析法，求得若千最低阶特征解。

The random errors of main factors in flood regulation process are identified; and combining flood forecast, the randomnesses of main parameters such as initial reservoir level, inflow flood, outflow flood, etc., are analyzed. By using the first order second moment method and theoretic distribution, the random distributions of parameters are described then the routing process of a certain preflood limit water level is random, which can well reflect the random preflood influences in actual regulation.

对防洪调度过程各主要相关参数进行了随机误差识别，结合洪水预报对起始水位、人库洪水、泄流等主要参数的随机性进行分析，应用一次二阶矩法和相应的理论分布函数描述事件的随机分布，对应某一汛限水位的调洪过程不再是一确定过程，而是具有随机分布特性，反映了实际防洪调度中各随机因素的影响作用。

In this dissertation, we adopted a new machine learning method-score matching and get a group of parameters of high-order MRF models by learning from training image data.

针对这些不足，提出一种新的机器学习方法一评分匹配法，从训练图像数据中学习得到一组高阶Markov随机场模型参数。

I used the homemade ECDL to measure the 2S-3D two photon transition spectrum of Helium , the advantages are that the expense of homemade ECDL is cheap and have good output power. At the same time, I used the electronic part can be got in the market to manufacture a pulse generator in the experiment, the pulse generator can control the output frequency, the pulse width, the relative phase and also can simultaneously control four sets of systems or instruments need the TTL pulse control. The advantage is that the cost of the pulse generator is cheap and the pulse generator is stable. To isolate the magnetic field I used the magnetic foil to helium cell. I also built a gas discharge system, the switch sequence of this system can be controlled by the pulse generator. Finally I built a detecting system can measure the helium energy state. It is cheap and can be combined with the comb laser system in my laboratory.

本实验是利用一台自制的外腔雷射系统来量测2S-3D的氦原子双光子跃迁，其优点在於自制的外腔雷射之费用非常便宜，也有不错的输出功率，同时在实验中我利用市售的电子零件制作了一台脉冲产生器，可控制输出的频率、脉冲宽度以及相对的相位，且可同时控制四套需要TTL脉冲控制的系统或仪器，优点除了便宜之外，也非常稳定；为了隔绝磁场，利用了磁场隔绝金属箔，我也在实验室中建立了一组气体放电系统，其系统可以用脉冲产生器来控制开关时序，最后，我建造了一个氦原子能阶的量测系统，而且费用低廉，可与本实验室的另外一门研究光梳雷射系统做结合。

I used the homemade ECDL to measure the 2S-3D two photon transition spectrum of Helium , the advantages are that the expense of homemade ECDL is cheap and have good output power. At the same time, I used the electronic part can be got in the market to manufacture a pulse generator in the experiment, the pulse generator can control the output frequency, the pulse width, the relative phase and also can simultaneously control four sets of systems or instruments need the TTL pulse control. The advantage is that the cost of the pulse generator is cheap and the pulse generator is stable. To isolate the magnetic field I used the magnetic foil to helium cell. I also built a gas discharge system, the switch sequence of this system can be controlled by the pulse generator. Finally I built a detecting system can measure the helium energy state.

本实验是利用一台自制的外腔雷射系统来量测2S-3D的氦原子双光子跃迁，其优点在於自制的外腔雷射之费用非常便宜，也有不错的输出功率，同时在实验中我利用市售的电子零件制作了一台脉冲产生器，可控制输出的频率、脉冲宽度以及相对的相位，且可同时控制四套需要TTL脉冲控制的系统或仪器，优点除了便宜之外，也非常稳定；为了隔绝磁场，利用了磁场隔绝金属箔，我也在实验室中建立了一组气体放电系统，其系统可以用脉冲产生器来控制开关时序，最后，我建造了一个氦原子能阶的量测系统，而且费用低廉，可与本实验室的另外一门研究光梳雷射系统做结合。

Throughout comparing the above estimating methods, we have the following results: the estimators of the moments of the errors does not depend on the random effects, and that of the random effects does not depend on the errors, and then the corresponding asymptotic variances are very simple and optimal; when the random effects are multivariate, we can not construct different estimating equations for the random effects and errors respectively, which results that the asymptotic covariances of estimation are very complex and then the estimating efficiency is bad.

比较上述两种估计法，我们发现：当随机效应是一维的时侯，误差的各阶矩的估计不依赖不可观测的随机效应，随机效应的估计也不依赖误差，因此，估计的渐近方差结构特别简单也是最优的；而当随机效应是多维的，因为随机效应的协变量的影响，我们没有办法针对随机效应和误差的各阶矩分别建立估计方程，这导致所得的估计的渐近方差或者协方差矩阵特别复杂，从而估计的效果不是很好。

Three displacement functions w,Gand ψare introduced in this paper tosimplify motion equations of elasticity problenis in spherically isotropic media to an indepen-dent partial differential equation concerning one displacement function ψand simultaneous equations concerning two other displacement functions w and G.

本文引入三个位移函数，将球面各向同性弹性力学运动方程，简化为关于ψ的二阶偏微分方程，和关于W和G的联立方程。在静力学问题中，联立方程可进一步简化，w和G可用另一位移函数F表示，而F满足一个四阶偏微分方程。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。