一阶

In Chapter 3,we derive the second-order-derivative-free iterations with two parameters from the third-order iterations with one parameter to approximate the roots of nondifferentiable equations in Banach space.

第三章，从带一个参数的三阶迭代族出发，构造了一族免二阶导数计值带两个参数的迭代族，用其去逼近Banach空间中非线性算子方程的解。

Paired t-test was used to compare the intensity value.Results:After having injected FX530,enhancement of liver on grey scale imaging was divided into four continuous phases-arterial,phase,portal veinous phase,capillary phase and delayed vascular phase,three phases in kidney—arterial,capillary and delayed vascular phases,but no parenchyma enhancement appeared in testis.Parenchyma enhancement in liver showed"detained enhancement",while in kidney it showed "wash-in and wash-out".

结果：造影后，肝脏二维灰阶增强分为四个连续的时相即动脉相、门静脉相、毛细血管相和延迟血管相，实质增强有&滞留增强&现象；肾脏二维灰阶增强分为动脉相、毛细血管相和延迟血管相，肾实质增强表现为一过性；睾丸仅表现为血管增强，睾丸实质无增强。

Simulation and analysis show that the method is robust and generalizes the conventional method based on second order statistics.

模拟和分析表明，这种算法是一种在高斯和分数低阶稳定分布噪声条件下具有良好韧性的非线性系统辨识方法，是对传统的二阶统计量基础上的系统辨识方法的改造与推广。

In shoaling process, the main peak frequency of broken wave spectra moves to lower frequency. With decreasing relative water depth, both the ratios of wave spectral energy at twice and triple peak frequency to main peak frequency increase. and when the value of the nonlinear parameter increases, both the ratios increase, too. The Stokes third order wave theory has the same tend but overestimates the value quantitatively.

波浪浅化时，碎波后主频频率有往低频移动之现象，且波浪进入浅水区，相对水深减小，非线性参数Ursell number越大时，二倍主频及三倍主频与一倍主频能量比值均有增加之现象，与 Stokes三阶理论有相同之趋势，但实验之比值在定量上小於Stokes三阶理论值。

First, we consider nonholonomic chained systems with modeling error, in this section,based on back-stepping , using the so-called adding a integrator , state-scaling technique , we design discontinuous feedback law,such that the trival solution of the closed-loop systems global strong stable; Second,we consider high-order nonholonomic chained systems with modeling errors and external disturbances, in this section,using input/state-scaling and integrator backstepping methods , we design discontinuous feedback law and give out the switching strategy, such that the closed-loop systems global /C-exponential stable; Finally, we consider a class of more general power chained form systems with particular drift-terms, in this section , using Lyapunov method, we design time-varying feedback law , such that the closed -loop systems p—exponential stable.

第一部分考虑的模型为带有模型误差的高阶非完整链系统，我们运用加幂积分器、State-scaling技巧以及基于Back-stepping方法构造出不连续反馈律，从而使得所讨论系统的闭环系统的平凡解全局强稳定；第二部分考虑的模型为带有模型误差的不确定高阶非完整链系统，这一部分我们运用input／state scaling和integrator backstepping方法构造出不连续反馈律，并给出切换策略，使得所对应的闭环系统全局κ-指数稳定；第三部分考虑的系统是形式更为一般的且带有特殊形式漂移项的幂链系统，利用Lyapunov函数方法，设计出时变反馈律，从而使得相应的闭环系统ρ-指数稳定。

Only with such characteristics, the movement equations can be expressed as matrices, and the idea of transforming the movement equations to the simplest form through a nonlinear transformation can be realized;(2) The form of Zi =Yi + YTH2i Y + Y7H3i Y(2)+ Y(2)T H4i Y(2)+ YTH5i Y(3) is adhibited in the nonlinear transformation, so that the multivalued problem caused by the nonlinear transformation is avoided, and the higher order transformation can be taken next;(3) The fourth order nonlinear transformation matrices H21,H31,H41 and H51 are derived, by which the original movement equations of electric power system is transformed to Jodan form in Z space;(4) By use of the fourth order nonlinear transformation, the approximate expression of the stability boundary is obtained, in Z space it is Z1= 0,in Y space it is Y1 + YTH21 Y + YTH31 Y(2)-i- Y(2) TH41 Y(2)+YTH51 Y(3)= 0;(5) The criterion used in this paper to judge whether the system critical unstable is simple and quick;(6) The method used in this paper is a direct method, and no need to construct an energy function.

正是由 于电力系统的运动方程具有这样的特性，才能写成矩阵的形式，通过非线性变换将电力系统的运动方程变换为最简单的线性形式的思想才能得以实现；（2）将通常运用于电力系统暂态稳定性分析的Normal Form变换的形式由 Yi＝ Zi＋ ZTh2riZ变形为 Zi＝ Yi＋YTH2iY＋YTH3iY（2）＋Y（2）TH4iY（2）＋YTH5iY（3），从而使得在对持续故障轨线实施同样的非线性变换以确定临界切除时间时，避免了非线性变换带来的多值性的问题，而只有在没有多值性问题的困扰下，才能采用较高阶的变换：（3）推导出了将原始电力系统系统的运动方程变换到Z空间的约当形式的非线性变换矩阵H21、H31、H41、HS1：（4）在运用四阶了「线性变换的情况下，给出了受扰动后系统的稳定边界的近似的解析表达，在Z空间为Z1=0，在y空间为： Y1+YTH21Y+YTH31Y(2)+Y(2)TH41Y(2)+YTH51Y(3)=0 （5）确定临界失稳的判据简单、快捷：对于一个复杂的电力系统，其稳定边界是相当复杂的一个高维曲面，即便是已知系统稳定边界的解析表达，要求出系统持续故障轨线何时与这一高维曲面相交，在数学上几乎是不可能实现的。

An algorithm how to compress codebook by rotating codewords is also proposed and verified in this paper,a codebook can be compressed from 1 024×16×8 bit to 256×16×8 bit using this algorithm.

同时给出了一种将现有1 024阶16维码书旋转压缩成256阶16维的方法，并对该方法得到的码书性能进行了仿真验证。

By means of using a disc cutter with a concave end instead of traditional ball-ended or flat-ended ones,and adjusting the cutter axis to move relatively to the component being machined according to some special rules,the envelop formed by the trace of the tool-nose in each pass and the required surface have the same derivatives up to the second order in the plane normal to the feeding direction.

采用二阶密切曲率法，即采用中凹的盘形铣刀取代传统的球头或鼓形铣刀，在每一行程中让刀具轴线相对于工件按特定的规律摆动，使得在垂直于进给方向的法截面中，由刀尖轨迹形成的包络面与理论曲面的法截线具有相同的1阶？

A new control strategy is developed in which by canceling the adjoint coefficient of the former k ranks radiation modes, the sound pow...

在此基础上，文中提出了一种新的控制策略，即抵消前k阶声辐射模态的伴随系数，使得前k阶声辐射模态的声功率为零。

The following are main contents studied: A finite element method for Navier-Stokes equation with ALE formulation is considered and by combined with theNewmark method of numerical intergration a pressure correction scheme is obtained for the solution of the FE formulation of N-S equation. Because the incompressibility condition can be satisfied approximately in this scheme, the interpolation functions of elements can be equalorder for the velocity field and pressure field. In the ALE formulation the fluid-solid interaction analysis became a three-field coupling problem of the fluid field, the solid field and the fluid dynamic mesh. The properties and charactiristices of this three-field coupling problem are deeply discussed.

研究的主要内容有：主容器中流体大晃动是一种强非线性问题，文中研究了求解ALE描述的粘性流体N-S方程的有限元方法，以有利于大晃动自由液面的跟踪和流体大晃动中非线性现象的描述；并结合Newmark数值积分法推出了求解ALE型N-S方程的压力修正解法，由于这种解法可以近似满足不可压条件，因此可以采用速度场和压力场等阶插值的有限元离散格式，从而较好地解决了普遍采用的不等阶插值解法中，速度场和压力场数值精度不一致、程序编制不便等的不足。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。