一阶

After doubler's strength-showing new-suit bid, advancer may correct without showing any high-card values, but only to the next level of his own suit or to an unbid suit that underranks it, and advancer's simple notrump bid guarantees a stopper in opener's suit.

加倍人以新花示强之后，回答人可以叫出回答人花色的下一阶花色或低阶的未叫花色而不保证任何大牌力量，且回答人叫无将即表示敌方开叫者花色有一挡。

In a certain period, the probability and expected value of critical drought duration got larger with the in crease of first-order auto-correlation coefficient and skewed coefficient, especially with first-order autocorrelation coefficient. The return periods of consecutive 11-year drought in North Luo River and Jing River were 1000 years.

在一定时期内，极限水文干旱历时的发生概率和数学期望随一阶自相关系数、偏态系数的增加而增大，且一阶自相关系数对极限水文干旱历时概率分布影响较为显著；泾河和洛河发生连续11年干旱的重现期均为1000年。

And the only allowed Raman band in the first-order diamond spectrum near 1332 cm^(-1) decreases and can't be observed in the micro-Raman spectrum of the film. Three Raman band near 1147 cm^(-1), 1364 cm^(-1) and 1538 cm^(-1) lie in the spectrum which are similar to the reported nano-diamond films.

在该薄膜一阶微显微拉曼光谱中，1332 cm^(-1)附近微晶金刚石的一阶特征拉曼峰减弱消失，可明显观测到的三个拉曼散射峰分别位于1147 cm^(-1)、1364 cm^(-1)和1538 cm^(-1)，与己报导的纳米金刚石拉曼光谱类似。

The generalized Walsh spectral characteristics and the generalized auto-correlation function characteristics of orthormophic permutations are studied by using of knowledge about the relation between orthomorphic permutations and vector Boolean functions.

运用向量布尔函数的知识研究了正形置换的广义一阶Walsh谱特征和广义自相关函数的特征，通过正形置换的广义一阶Walsh谱特征给出了正形置换的几种构造方法。

For the Riemann boundary value problems for the first order elliptic systems , we translates them to equivalent singular integral equations and proves the existence of the solution to the discussed problems under some assumptions by means of generalized analytic function theory , singular integral equation theory , contract principle or generaliezed contract principle ; For the Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problems for the first order elliptic systems , we proves the problems solvable under some assumptions by means of generalized analytic function theory , Cauchy integral formula , function theoretic approaches and fixed point theorem ; the boundary element method for the Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problems for the generalized analytic function , we obtains the boundary integral equations by means of the generalized Cauchy integral formula of the generalized analytic function , introducing Cauchy principal value integration , dispersing the boundary of the area , and we obtains the solution to the problems using the boundary conditions .

对于一阶椭圆型方程组的Riemann边值问题，是通过把它们转化为与原问题等价的奇异积分方程，利用广义解析函数理论、奇异积分方程理论、压缩原理或广义压缩原理，证明在某些假设条件下所讨论问题的解的存在性；对于一阶椭圆型方程组的Riemann-Hilbert边值问题，利用广义解析函数理论、Cauchy积分公式、函数论方法和不动点原理，证明在某些假设条件下所讨论问题的可解性；广义解析函数的Riemann-Hilbert边值问题的边界元方法是利用广义解析函数的广义Cauchy积分公式，引入Cauchy主值积分，通过对区域边界的离散化，得到边界积分方程，再利用边界条件得到问题的解。

According to the some properties of the differentiation ,I found that the symmetry of the graph is closely related to the first-order differentiation and the second-order differentiation .from this ,I search for a way to identify the symmetry of the functional graph for the direct line or the central symmetry of the functional graph for the some dot .

摘 要：利用导数的一些性质，发现了函数图象的对称性与函数的一阶、二阶导数的密切关系。根据这些关系，找到了一种判定函数图象是否关于某一直线对称或关于某点成中心对称的方法。

Following is the main contribution of the dissertation. 1 Based on quartile and first order differential, a new outlier detection algorithm is presented, Experiments show that the method combining with low pass filter can remove gross error and unwanted frequency components.

本文的主要工作与创新点在于： 1）将分位数方法与一阶差分法相结合，提出了一种基于一阶差分的粗差剔除方法，该方法与低通滤波器的结合可以有效去除两相流压力波动信号中的粗大误差以及信号频带以外的频率成分。

But for those of us who move onto this more advanced stage, Lee's team said "this shift in strategy is analogous to shifting from proofs in the first-order predicate calculus to proofs in the first-order modal predicate calculus"- in other words, it's a pretty impressive display of logical prowess and further evidence of our ability to "make deductions about abstract matters remote from our mundane life".

但是我们中的那些进入更高等级的玩家，Lee的团队说，"这次策略的转换同从一阶谓词演算证据到一阶情态谓词演算证据非常类似"——换句话说，这是一次令人印象深刻的展示：逻辑的力量和我们具备对"远离日常生活的抽象事物进行演绎"的能力。

Logical reasoning is the basis of artificial intelligence, the first-order predicate logic belonging to logic is a knowledge representation widely used, therefore,it is a meaningful task to study the reasoning problem of first-order predicate logic .

逻辑推理是人工智能的基础，而逻辑中的一阶谓词逻辑是使用较为广泛的知识表示方法，因此研究一阶谓词逻辑的推理问题是一项很有意义的工作。

This yields first, second and third order accuracy in the case of the constant, linear and quadratic extrapolations, respectively.

使用的外插法有常数、线性以及二次的外插法，并将分别可以得到一阶、二阶以及三阶的精度。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。