一阶

The non-relativistic energies and wave functions were determined by Rayleigh-Ritz method. The relativistic effects, including the correction to kinetic energy, the electron-electron contact term, and the orbit-orbit interaction, Darwin term, and mass-polarization effect on the energies were calculated by using first-order perturbation theory. In order to obtain a more accurate result for the larger Z system, the quantum-electrodynamics correction should be included. This correction to energy can be evaluated for the valence electron by using a hydrogenic formula with an effective nuclear charge, Z. The ionization potential, the excitation energies and the fine structure split-tings for a lithium-like ion with higher nuclear charge (Z=26) were calculated.

非相对论能量用Rayleigh-Ritz变分法确定，包括动能修正、电子—电子接触项、轨道—轨道相互作用项以及Darwin项的相对论修正和质量极化项由全实加关联波函数的一阶微扰给出，量子电动力学修正由有效核电荷方法和类氢公式计算；给出了较高核电荷(Z=26)类锂体系1s^2nl组态的电离能、激发能和1s^2np组态的精细结构劈裂。

Some sufficient conditions of the existence and uniqueness of the periodic solutions are obtained.

研究了一阶非线性泛函微分方程的周期解，得到了周期解存在唯一的一些充分条件，推广和改进了已有的结果。

It may be said that the way by which for explaining existential issue is preferably successful.

可以说，利用一阶逻辑解释存在问题的方法是比较成功的。

This is not expressible as a first-order predicate calculus property.

这就是一个一阶谓词演算不可表述的属性。

Description logics are fragments of the first-order logic ,which contain concepts,roles,and concept and role constructors;and have features of strong expressivity and decidable reasoning.

描述逻辑是包含了概念、角色以及概念和角色构造子的一阶逻辑的子逻辑，具有表达能力强且推理可判定的特征。

The familiar semantics for first-order logic is extensional in that it is involved in individual objects rather than in any property entities.

熟知的一阶逻辑语义因为只论及个体对象而不涉及属性实体而被认为是外延的。

With regard to non-smooth data,it adopts the logarithm transformation,the extraction of a root and the exponent weighted to improve their smoothness.

可以证明，经一阶线性微分方程的解逼近所揭示的原始数据列呈指数变化规律。

We improved the merit function in quasi-feasible interior point method and used the exponential function that is the more general function to prove the existence of one order optimality point in feasible problem. We discussed the inner and outer algorithms and made the convergence theorem.

在算法中改进了拟可行内点法中的值函数，使用指数形式的更一般函数，用此值函数证明了可行性问题的一阶最优性点的存在性，并通过对内部算法及外部算法的讨论得到了算法的收敛性定理。

We use ANN method to predict employment.The research method of the modem economics has two kinds, empirical research method and the norm research method. We use the two methods to analyze this problem, and want to find the law of them, but my featherhead and litter knowledge limit the effect.

就作者自身的知识和了解，本文可能存在以下创新：(1)首先判断了中国的工资和就业量是存在结构突变的一阶单位根过程；(2)考虑到存在结构突变的情形，中国经济增长与就业之间存在双向的因果关系；(3)对消费和投资对就业的作用进行考察，指出了政府消费和投资对就业无作用，农村消费对就业有重大的作用；(4)在对未来的就业需求的预测上，本文使用神经元网络方法对其进行预测。

It is found that screening of three bodies in the final state conveys rich information of the non-first-order effects.

发现该模型中的末态三体间的屏蔽包含了极强的非一阶效应的信息。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。