一阶

The research on the CCD sensor information is used to determinate the satellite attitude system without gyroscope .(1) Using quaternion and MRP as attitude representation , the attitude kinematics function are established . The satellite attitude dynamics function is established,that is disturbed by the first-order Markov force moment.(2) Using the quaternion as attitude representations, the attitude determination state estimator EKF and UKF are designed , numerical simulation is done .

基于CCD星敏感器的无陀螺测量卫星姿态确定系统的研究(1)针对地球同步轨道卫星，分别建立了以姿态四元数和修正罗德里格参数为卫星姿态描述参数的姿态运动方程；建立了卫星受一阶马尔柯夫干扰力矩时的卫星姿态动力学方程；(2)设计了采用姿态四元数为卫星姿态描述参数的EKF和UKF估计器，设计了分别以姿态四元数和修正罗德里格参数为卫星姿态描述参数的UKF估计器，并进行了数学仿真。

The researches in this paper have offered solutions to initial value problem for ordinary differential equation involving difference of two monotone functions, ordinary differential equation with integral boundary conditions, and first-order impulsive ordinary differential equation with anti-periodic.

本文结果包含了具有两个函数差的常微分方程初值问题(当 Ik=Gk=0，λ1=λ2=0 时)，常微分方程积分边值问题(当 Ik=Gk=0，g=0，λ1=0，λ2=±1时)，一阶脉冲微分方程反周期边值问题(当 g=0，Gk=0，λ2=d=0 时)的相关结果。

Be differentiable at . Then has first partial derivatives at , and

可微，则复合函数在点的一阶偏导数存在，且有

This course offers advanced topics for students who have learned ordinary differential equations. The course includes linear algebra which has topics as matrices, linear systems of equations, eigenvalue problems, vector differential and integral calculus. Fourier series, orthogonal functions, Fourier transforms and partial differential equations will also be introduced.

本课程为提供已有常微分方程式基础的同学修习，内容包括线性代数，矩阵运算，特徵值问题，向量的微分与积分，一阶线性微分方程组，傅力叶级数和正交函数，傅力叶转换，并将对椭圆，抛物线，双曲线型式的偏微分方程式作概略介绍。

This course offers advanced topics for students who have learned ordinary differential equations. The course includes linear algebra which has topics as matrices, linear systems of equations, eigenvalue problems, vector differential and integral calculus. Fourier series, orthogonal functions, Fourier

本课程为提供已有常微分方程式基础的同学修习、内容包括线性代数、矩阵运算、特徵值问题、向量的微分与积分、一阶线性微分方程组、傅力叶级数和正交函数、傅力叶转换、并将对椭圆、抛物线、双曲线型式的偏微分方程式作概略介绍。

By definition, we can see that the marginal analysis of differential calculus is essentially a derivative of the application.

由定义可知，边际分析法实质上是微分学中一阶导数的应用。

Based on these experimental spectra, desorption activation energies of benzene, thiophene, and octane on NaY were calculated by a traditional model, the least-squares method, and the first differential curve of the TPD model.

以这些TPD谱图为基础，分别采用传统TPD计算模型、最小二乘法以及一阶微分曲线法计算了苯、噻吩和正辛烷在NaY上的脱附活化能和动力学参数。

With examples using VB expression of an order partial differential equations of the numerical method, we wish to offer you some help.

结合实例用VB编程表达了一阶偏微分方程的数值解法，希望能为您提供一点帮助。

In this paper, the theoretical model of CQI is described in an atom-diatom system in the condition of the molecular beam, based on the first-Born approximation of time dependent perturbation theory, taking into accounts the anisotropic Lennard-Jones interaction potentials. The method of observing and measuring correctly the differential interference angle is presented. The relation between differential and parameter, velocity is obtained. The relation of the integral interference angle and temperature is discussed.

文中利用一阶含时波恩近似和L-J相互作用势，建立了原子-双原子分子碰撞系统转动传能的量子干涉模型，描述了观察和测量微分干涉角的方法，得到了微分干涉角与碰撞半径和碰撞速度间的关系，同时也得到了积分干涉角和实验温度的关系。

In this paper, a new edge detection method——method using extremum of first directional derivative is proposed, based upon a general gradient edge model.

文中通过傅里叶变换，在频率域，通过求垂直于边缘的一阶方向导数，并检测其极值点来确定边缘。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。