一阶

This paper discusses a variation equation problem in a class of singular stochastic control with stopping time,gives its solution under two different conditions,which is a one order continuous differentiable and concave function,and gives the exact form.

讨论了一类带停时的奇异型随机控制问题中的一个变分方程问题，并且在两种不同的情况下给出了该变分方程的解，即为一阶连续可导凹函数，并在两种情况下给出了此函数的具体形式。

Theorem A.If the density function fhas the first derivative andlogfis a concave function,the MLE of〓for the two-sample location modelPL uniquely exists.

定理A。若密度函数f具有一阶导数并且logf是严格的凹函数，则对于双子样位置参数模型在PL的限制下，〓的MLE唯一存在。

In Chapter 1,some elementary knowledge was introduced,such as theBernstein-Bezier representation for polynomials,conform triangulation,theconditions of convexity for Bézier spline surfaces,the funtional andgeometric continuity condition for neibour Bézier surface patches etc.,specially,based on the Liu-Ding-Yuan Theorem for geometric continuity,some simple and practical conditions were obtained.

第一章介绍一些基本知识，如多项式的Bernstein-Bézier表示，相容三角剖分的定义，Bézier三角样条曲面保凸的条件，相邻Bézier曲面片函数连续和几何连续的条件等，特别地，在刘鼎元关于几何连续条件的一般定理的基础上，导出了几个较简单的实用的一阶几何连续条件。

The conic expression between reinforcement ratio of beam and column and the first-order frequency of structure is also advanced.

本文还给出了梁、柱的配筋率与结构一阶频率的二次曲线关系式。

The formal definition of evolution rules and consistency conditions can help the understanding and reuse of the evolution process.

开发系统的一致性条件定义为具体图上的性质，用带等词的一阶逻辑表示。

For eliminating the constant term, this dissertation uses creatively the one order difference of the rule expression to test the McCallum Rule. By this way, the research conclusion gets more robustnesses.

为消除常数项，本文创造性地采用规则表达式的一阶差分形式进行实证，使得研究结论更具稳健性。

Continuity on first derivative of wave function is discussed by means of several instances of finite and infinite transition s of potential function and hereby continuity conditions is pinpointed.

结合势函数有限跃变和无限跃变的几种实例，讨论波函数一阶导数在势函数跃变处的连续性问题，从而进一步明确连续性条件。

It is shown that with right coordinate transformation in the cases, the error of th...

理论和数值算例表明，只要对重频系统设计的反馈律作正确的坐标变换，应用到上述三种情形时，其闭环系统的衰减律的误差只有相应频率分散度的一阶小量

The correlation curve between FPAR and differential coefficient varied more frequently and greatly than the curve of FPAR and reflectance.

FPAR与典型单波段反射率和一阶导数具有较好拟合关系，确定性系数分别高达0.791和0.882。

As a result, it shows thatthe static or dynamic subsystem optimum alone is not equal to the system optimum. Three initial value problems met in the optimal design of flying vehicle are studied andconclusions are derived that: orthogonal test method can be adopted to decide the initial valueof static optimization problem, some mathematical techniques can be used to deal with thecostate variables of Maximum Principle and decide the initial value of the costate variable,the indirect method can be used to get the analytical solution under ideal case to guide thechoice of the initial control curve in the direct method. With some numerical examples oftrajectory optimization, it shows that all these methods are useful not only in accelerating theconvergence but also in converging to the global optimum.

针对飞行器优化设计中的三种初始值问题进行了研究，以远程弹道导弹弹道的工程优化为例说明，对于静态优化问题，采用正交试验法选取初始值，不仅可以大大加快收敛的速度，而且更有可能收敛到全局最优解；以气动力辅助变轨问题为例说明，用共态变量的一阶泰勒级数展开可以解决极大值原理中共态变量初值难于确定的问题；以二级弹道导弹的主动段弹道优化为例说明，利用间接法在理想情况下得到的解析解来指导直接法初始控制曲线的选择，将大大有利于提高直接法的收敛速度。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。