一阶

For the second order inclusion, using the transformation of variable, the existence of nonoscillatory solutions can be reduced to the existence of solutions for a first order inclusion.

在引进了微分包含解的振动性和非振动性的定义之后，通过分析解的单调性给出了一类二阶包含解的渐近性和振动性的判别准则；对于一阶微分包含，首先证明了时滞微分方程的振动性定理，在此基础上给出微分包含的结果。

The Monte Carlo simulation shows that the present method is better than the Method of Moment in unbiasedness, and is generally comparable to MOM in efficiency.

对P-Ⅲ型总体分布，本文提出的权函数能使σ和Cs的估计由原方法的二阶加权中心矩降低为一阶加权中心矩估计。

Aimed at one order system, a way to design the optimal weights associatedwith edges of undirected graph composed of multi-agent systems is presented.

本文针对如何提高一阶群体系统和高阶群体系统的收敛性和时滞鲁棒性问题分别给出了解决方法。

Animal's welfare can be feed back from their vocalism. We had some experiments to get 35 days old chicken's vocalization in different environment, including normal environment、 light off environment and people's disturbing environment. On the base of Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient, We introduction a new algorithm for feature extraction---Subband Mel Spectrum Centroid. We used support vector machine classification model to evaluate the performance of using different sound parameters.

本文通过研究35日龄海兰褐蛋鸡在正常状态、光照与人为干扰等应激下发声信息的变化特征，提出基于子带梅尔频谱质心的优化特征参数，并通过建立支持向量机模型，比较了采用优化特征参数与梅尔频标倒谱系数及其一阶、二阶导数组成的特征参数（MFCC_39）在识别不同应激中的应用效果。

In addition to particular introduction of the ANSYS optimal analysis technique's fundamental、basic concepts and optimal analysis flow, the paper also compares the merits and flaws of zero order and first order optimal analysis method.

详细介绍了ANSYS优化设计技术的基本原理、基本概念，以及优化分析流程，比较了零阶优化分析方法和一阶优化分析方法的优缺点。

Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, Simple Thermodynamic System, Work, Heat and First Law of Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory of the Ideal Gases, The Second Law of Thermodynamics, The Carnot Cycle and the Thermodynamic Temperature, Entropy, Phase Diagram of a Pure Substances, First-Order and Second-Order Phase Transitions, Introduction to Statistical Mechanics (including Partition for Canonical Ensemble, M-B 、 F-D 、 B-E distributions), Thermal Properties of Solids.

热物理 ( S0437)(3，0)/热力学( S0434)(3，0)温度及热力学第零定律，简单热力学系统，功，热及热力学第一定律，理想气体动力论，热力学第二定律，卡诺循环与热力学温标，熵，纯物质的相图，一阶与二阶相变，统计力学简介(包括：正则系综的配分函数，马克斯威尔-玻兹曼分布，费米-狄拉克分布，玻色-爱因斯坦分布等)，固体的热性质。

The databases of NIRDRS for Hypericum、 Eucalyptus globules and broussonetia papyrifera were established within suitable spectral ranges with three kinds of data block(original spectrum, first-order derivative spectrum and second-order derivative spectrum) to discriminate unknown samples.

分别用三种数据块(原谱、一阶导数光谱、二阶导数光谱)在不同的谱区范围建立了金丝桃、蓝桉、楮实子3种中药材的NIRDRS指纹图谱库，对未知样品进行鉴别。

It will analyze the first and the third order performance of conformal dome at first, and then go to study the application of diffractive elements in this kind of optical system, finally proposes a way to correct the variable aberrations by controlling the tilt and decenter of an symmetrical corrector. The results of simulation show that ways proposed above have improved the conformal dome's performance a lot.

为了将共形光学系统更好的应用于实际，本论文在系统的设计方法上做了多方面的研究：首先在对共形整流罩的一阶和三阶特性深入分析的基础上，研究了衍射元件在该系统中的应用潜力，然后提出了利用倾斜偏心元件进行动态像差补偿的设计方案，并用软件对上述设计方案进行了模拟验证。

In mathematical logic, predicate logic is the formal system of universal symbolic terms, such as first order logic, second order logic, many types of logic or infinitary logic ...

在数理逻辑中，谓词逻辑是符号形式系统的通用术语，比如一阶逻辑，二阶逻辑，多类逻辑或infinitary逻辑。。。。

In order to reduce the number of nodes as much as possible for 3-D ironless PM motor structure, the first-order and the second-order ABCs operators for box-shaped and cylinder-shaped truncating boundary conditions are derived according to the structure of ironless PM motor.

为了尽可能减少节点的数量，结合无铁心永磁电机的具体结构，推导了适合于盒形截断边界和圆柱形截断边界上简便易行的一阶和二阶标量渐近边界条件算子，该算子具有简单、有限元实施容易的特点。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。