一跃

Transition probabilities, oscillator strengths, and lifetimes of configurations, multiplets, and individual lines for many-electron atoms and ions are studied employing the WBEPM theory. Transition probabilities and oscillator strengths for alkali metal atoms, alkaline-earth elements Be, Mg, Be , and Mg , carbon atoms and its ions , nitrogen atom and its ions , oxygen atoms and its ions , fluorine atom, Ne , and IB elements are calculated. Lifetimes of C, N, and O atoms are evaluated as well.

运用WBEPM理论对多电子原子和离子的组态、谱项和能级间的跃迁几率、振子强度以及辐射寿命进行系统地研究，计算了碱金属原子、碱土金属的Be、Mg原子及其一价离子、C原子及其离子、N原子及其离子、O原子及其离子、F原子、Ne离子和重金属IB族原子的跃迁几率和振子强度以及C、N、O原子的辐射寿命。

Continuity on first derivative of wave function is discussed by means of several instances of finite and infinite transition s of potential function and hereby continuity conditions is pinpointed.

结合势函数有限跃变和无限跃变的几种实例，讨论波函数一阶导数在势函数跃变处的连续性问题，从而进一步明确连续性条件。

In the second part, a method studying stochastic transition which is the master equation method is introduced, and explicit solutions of velocity V and diffusion constant D of the steady state are obtained when a particle hops among a dimensional and periodic N states.

第二部分介绍了一种研究随机跃迁的方法—主方程方法，着重推导了粒子做一维周期性N态随机跃迁时达到稳态的速度、扩散系数的一般表达式。

The shortcomings of traditional computing methods such as trial-and -error method,graphic method and approximate solution method are rough precision,large computation amount,or complex resolving problem.

工程中常利用水跃作为一种消能措施，水跃的共轭水深的准确计算在研究农田水利工程堰、闸出流和消能措施中具有十分重要的作用。

A modified backward Euler method is developed which enables to increase considerably the accuracy of jump voltage computation as a result of freeing its computing from the influence of the faint asymmetrical initial current in such an inductive circuit as converter and completely eliminate numerical oscillation in converter simulation as often seen in the case of implicit trapezoidal integration method.

本文提出一种变形的后退欧拉法，用该法对换流器这样的纯电感电路进行跃变电压计算，可完全避免初始电流中微弱的不平衡对跃变电压计算的影响，大大提高了跃变电压的计算精度，并彻底消除了隐式梯形积公法用于换流器仿真时所存在的非原型数值振荡。

In chapter 4, by AREELS, the Generalized Oscillator Strength Density Spectra were measured in the energy region from 56 to 66eV, with the incident energy 2. 5 keV and energy resolution 80 meV, at scattering angles from 0°to 6°, corresponding to the momentum transfer K〓=0.03~2. 01 a. u. The Fano profile parameters f〓 and q for the optically allowed transition 〓(0, 1)〓P°and the optically forbidden transitions 〓(1, 0)〓S〓and 〓(1, 0)〓D〓 were obtained as a function of K〓. With the hyperspherical coordinate wavefunctions, the dynamical correlation are discussed qualitatively. So, a new experimental way to study dynamical electron correlation effect is opened.In chapter 5, the widely used R-matrix theory was introduced. Then, the GOSDS for the optically allowed excitation series (1s〓)〓S〓→〓(0, 1)〓P°(n=2-4) were calculated by this method, and the Fano profile parameters f〓 and q were obtained sequently. So the electron correlation effect can be described by these parameters quantitatively, and the theoretical results were compared with our AREELS experimental results.

在第四章中，实验上，同样使用角分辨的高能量分辨快电子能量损失谱仪，在2.5keV电子入射能量和80meV的能量分辨下，测量了0°到6°散射角下的He原子双电子激发态在56~66eV的广义振子强度密度谱，这种情况，0°~6°对应的动量转移范围K〓=0.03~2.01a.u。，得到了光学允许跃迁的双电子激发态〓（0，1）〓P〓和光学禁戒跃迁的双电子激发态〓（1，0）〓S〓、〓（1，0）〓D〓的Fano线形参数f〓，q等随动量转移变化的曲线；观测到了几个强度很弱、能级很窄的光学允许和禁戒跃迁双电子激发态，用前人准确的理论结果进行了标识；通过比较弱共振〓（1，0）〓S〓和〓（-1，0）〓S〓的强度随动量转移K〓的变化规律，结合超球坐标理论计算的波函数，定性地阐述了在电子碰撞散射过程中它们各自不同的动力学电子关联效应，发展了一套在实验上研究电子关联效应的新方法。

While this is going on, the ground sends up its own chain of shorter, positively charged leaders.

在这一&先兆&转瞬间即逝过后另一&先兆&随即发生，副电荷的释放就顺着这一好像睡莲叶一般的&先兆&接近地面，与此同时，地面上的正极电荷也在&跃跃欲上&迎合副电荷的到来，当两极在空中几百码相遇时，就产生我们所见的闪电，闪电的不规则就源自&先兆&形状的唯一性。

It would also help to obtain integrity trajectories of saltating sand grains by extending bitty saltating trajectories grained from wind tunnel experiment in order to understand deep sand grain saltating motion.

这项研究为跃移沙粒运动参数分布函数研究提供了一条新思路，有助于将风洞实验获得的沙粒跃移运动的片断轨迹拓展，进而获得沙粒跃移运动的整个轨迹，以便深入理解沙粒跃移运动。

In chapter 2 and 3, experimentally, using the Angular-Resolved high-resolution fast Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer , at the condition of 2. 5 keV incident energy and 50-60 meV energy resolution, we measured the Optical Oscillator Strength Density Spectra for the excitations of 4p, 4s or 3d electron. The oscillator strengths for excitations of the valent shell 4p electron were obtained, and comparisons were done between presently experimental and previously experimental and theoretical results. The experimental results of different groups agree with each other approximately, but the semi-experientially theoretical results do not match with the experimental results. The delayed maximum in the photoabsorption spectra was discussed. It should arise from the transition of 4p→∈d. For the excitation of the inner-valent 4s electron, the discrepancies for the resonant structures in previous electron-impact results and photoionization results were clarified in present work, which confirms again that the fast electron impact method is suitable to measure the optical oscillator strengths. The autoionization Rydberg series 4s〓ns (n=5, 6, 7) and 4s〓nd (n=4, 5, 6, 7) were identified without ambiguity by the measurement at 0°, 2° and 4°scattering angles. The energy levels and natural widths of the excitations of Kr3d and Ar2p inner shell, including optically allowed and forbidden transitions, were determined. The widths of these inner shell excitations are nearly the same, which was interpreted by the Resonant Auger effect .

在第二章和第三章，实验上，使用角分辨的高能量分辨快电子能量损失谱仪，在2.5keV电子入射能量和50-60meV能量分辨下，测量了Kr原子由价壳层4p到内价壳层4s，再到内壳层3d电子激发的光学振子强度密度谱；得到了价壳层4p电子激发束缚态的光学振子强度，与前人实验和半经验理论结果作了细致的比较，说明几家实验是比较符合的，但半经验的理论计算存在问题；分析了光吸收谱中的延迟极大现象，说明在第一电离阈值以上几个eV范围内的极大值源于4p→εd跃迁产生的延迟极大；对于内价壳层4s激发的自电离区，澄清了前人实验中电子碰撞方法和光学方法在共振结构上存在差异的问题，再一次肯定了快电子碰撞方法是获得绝对光学振子强度的一种好方法；通过在非0°散射角的测量（如2°和4°），清楚地标识了4s电子激发的光学禁戒跃迁自电离里德堡系列4s〓ns（n=5，6，7）和4s〓nd（n=4，5，6，7）；通过在0°和4°散射角的测量，观测并标识了几个新的内壳层光学禁戒跃迁能级，得到了Kr原子3d和Ar原子2p内壳层激发态（包括光学允许和禁戒跃迁形成的）的能级位置和自然宽度，用共振俄歇效应解释了这些内壳层激发态（不管是光学允许还是禁戒跃迁产生的）的自然宽度彼此比较接近的原因。

In the third chapter, Based on the Bloch equation and with the use of methoddevoloped in chapterl, the level shifts of two-level atom are calculated under theinteration of classical and quantized field. An analytic formula of level shift of atomin AC Zeeman effect is obtained.

从本章给出的计算方法中，还揭示了当一量子系统受到一与时间相关的微扰并发生跃迁时，微扰引起的能级移动是一个与跃迁同时发生的瞬态过程，跃迁和能级移动是同一过程的两个方面。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐