一般概念

The first chapter discusses the conception, the sort and the character of the system of admiralty possessory lien.

第1章从民法关于留置权的一般理论出发，概括论述了海事留置权制度的概念、种类、性质等一般理论。

Generally,we often use the notions of transposition and cyclic transformation etc for definit-ing deferminant.

定义行列式时，一般要用到对换、置换等概念，置换群还是有限群的一个重要例子，本文对这些概念反轮换作一些探讨，得到了一些结果。

Next, what have double input and variable of 2 dimension appearance in the light of a kind is nonlinear system, used opposite curvature concept and curve to design controller of contract of appearance of 2 dimension plane by basic theorem, the curve of contrail of appearance be accusinged that controller of contract of this kind of appearance can assure a system and referenced contrail curve have identical figure.

梗概： 针对一般控制系统，利用微分几何中的曲线理论提出了外形变量、被控外形轨迹曲线和外形合同控制等概念。然后，针对一类具有双输入及二维外形变量的非线性系统，利用相对曲率概念和曲线论基本定理设计了二维平面外形合同控制器，这种外形合同控制器能够保证系统的被控外形轨迹曲线和参考轨迹曲线具有完全相同的外形。

The project proposed and established the strict unique mathematical model of instantaneous frequency aiming at the currently existed problems in Hilbert Huang Transform form the viewpoint of physical connotative meaning; proposed and established the strict mathematical model of general intrinsic mode signal based on the concept of general continuous intrinsic mode signal and the compositive principle of practical general intrinsic mode signal; researched and proposed the fitting method of envelope lines in HHT from the viewpoint of theory, conquered the blindness and random in quondam EMD envelope line fitting and boundary treatment; developed a virtual time-frequency analyzer based on general intrinsic mode signal decomposition to open out the local time-frequency characteristics of nonlinear and nonstationary signal more deeply and accurately.

本项目针对希尔伯特-黄变换现阶段存在问题，从物理内涵的角度提出并建立了瞬时频率严格的唯一的数学模型；基于连续性的一般固有模态信号的概念和实际信号的一般固有模态信号的组成原理，提出并建立了一般固有模态信号严格的数学模型；从理论角度研究并提出HHT中的包络线构造方法，克服了原EMD的包络线构造和边界处理的盲目性和随意性；研发一台基于一般固有模态信号分解的虚拟式时频分析仪，使之可以更深入、准确地揭示非线性非平稳信号的时频局部特征。

We generalize the concept of the set of variability defined in the unit diskby K.Strebel to general Riemann surfaces and prove that the set of variablity withrespect to the modulo homotopic class of a quasiconformal mapping between twoRiemann surfaces is a compact and connected subset.Consequently the num-ber of the extremal mappings in the modulo homotopic class of a quasiconformalmapping between two general Riemann surfaces is either one or infinity.

Strebel的定义在单位圆上的可变性集合的概念推广到一般Riemann曲面上去，并且证明了Riemann曲面之间的拟共形映射的模边同伦类所确定的可变性集合是一个连通的紧子集，从而得出一般Riemann曲面之间拟共形映射的模边同伦类中的极值映射要么唯一，要么有无穷多个。

In our country, because there are many debates on the concept, meaning, nature of the crime, the legislature will expand the scope of criminal punishment indiscreetly. In other words, acts that should be punished in accordance with administrative laws are convicted and punished by the criminal law. That can easily expand the subsidiary criminal law, result in conflicts of the prescribed punishment and criminal charges between the criminal law and the subsidiary criminal law, and do harm to the legal order.

由于我国法学界对刑事犯、行政犯、一般行政违法行为的概念、内涵、性质等问题存在颇多争论，在立法时会不自觉地扩大刑事处罚的范围，即对本应处以行政处罚的一般行政违法行为给予刑事处罚，予以犯罪化，容易造成附属刑法的膨胀，在与刑法典的罪名、法定刑衔接上出现不协调之处，对法律秩序的维持有害无益。

With the growth of quantity, the field of tourism is continuously outspreading, with its structure getting more and more complex and its inharmoniousness hurting the economics more seriously.

本文从产业经济学的角度出发，从一般产业结构的概念入手，阐明了旅游产业结构的概念，以及动态协调发展的内容，理论依据和目标。

II, Polynomial rings on a general field( on contrast of those over a number field): concepts of ring, ideals, field and several special rings as domains, principal ideal domains and unique factorization domains, the unique factorization theory of polynomial rings.

二、一般域上的多项式理论（是数域上多项式理论的推广）：学习环、域和几类特殊结构的环（整环、主理想环，唯一分解环等）的概念，多项式环的唯一分解定理；三、线性代数：讲述一般数域上的向量空间理论（是数域上向量空间理论的继续和推广），模的概念，主理想环上的模的结构及其线性变换的若当标准型等；四、一元多项式的解及域论：学习域扩张及其相关概念，伽罗瓦理论，用伽罗瓦定理判断根式解的存在性。

The dissertation considers that there is an inner relationship between various elements of e- ducology and a given culture, which produces"the culturalcharacter of educology". Educational problems have factual bases, but their nature should be considered as subjectivity, valuableness, and historicity, which distinguish educational problems from educational facts and related prob- lems of other disciplines. Besides having a logical feature of scientific concepts, the nature of edu- cational concepts should be considered as historicity, normativity, valuableness and expressivity. Educological activity is a kind of subjective activity. The subjects of educology are not only the subjects of knowledge, but also the subjects of value and practice. Educological works are products of their whole soul life, which embody their life and social ideals.

本文阐明，教育学活动的诸要素与一定的文化之间存在着内在的关联，具有文化特征，构成教育学的文化性格：教育问题有它客观的事实基础，但是教育问题的质是它的主观性、价值性、历史性，这是教育问题与教育事实以及相关学科问题的分界线；教育概念除了一般科学概念所具有的逻辑特性以外，在质上是一类历史性、规范性、价值性与表达性的概念；教育学活动是一种主体的活动，这种主体在活动中不仅是认识的主体，更是价值的主体和实践的主体，因此，教育学著作是他们整个心灵生活的结晶，体现着他们的人生和社会理想。

Based on previous findings in cognitive linguistics, this paper argues that conceptual reification as a general cognitive ability is psychologically real, and that non-physical entities are reified as physical ones for pragmatic purposes.

笔者认为，概念物化作为一般认知能力的存在是毋庸置疑的，概念物化的动因是语用因素。离开物理实体的概念，人们无法交流关于非物理实体的信息。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。