一般概念

Methods A retrospective study was performed in a group of unoperated bilateral complete cleft lip and palate patients who received simultaneous primary palate repair and alveolar bone grafting.

按照唇腭裂序列治疗的现代概念，腭裂修复应在语音发育开始前完成，一般在出生后 9～ 12个月进行，而齿槽嵴裂植骨修复术的最佳时间应在尖牙未萌出前，牙根形成 1/ 2～ 2 / 3，患者年龄为 9～ 11岁[1] 。

It is my belief that much unnecessary perplexity can be avoided if we limit ourselves strictly to the two units, money and labour, when we are dealing with the behaviour of the economic system as a whole; reserving the use of units of particular outputs and equipments to the occasions when we are analysing the output of individual firms or industries in isolation; and the use of vague concepts, such as the quantity of output as a whole, the quantity of capital equipment as a whole and the general level of prices, to the occasions when we are attempting some historical comparison which is within certain limits avowedly unprecise and approximate.

我相信，当我们论述整个经济体系的行为时，如果我们将自己的讨论严格限定于使用两种单位，即货币和劳动，那就可以避免很多不必要的困惑和混乱。当我们孤立地分析单个厂商或单个行业的产出时，可以在这种情形继续使用特定产出和设备的原用单位。当我们试图进行某种历史比较时，可以在这种情形使用诸如总产出数量，总资本设备量和一般价格水平之类含糊不清的概念，这是因为在一定限度内，历史的比较本来就是不精确的和粗略的。

Thecreation of this concept and discussion of relative theories are designed to classify pure economic loss into generally unrecoverable damages.

纯经济损失概念的创制和理论的展开主要是为了将此类损害纳入一般不予赔偿的范围。

It is generally acknowledged that the theory of the valency of linguistics is founded by the French linguist Lucien Tesniere.

我们一般认为，最早把化学中的"价"的概念引入到语言学界的是法国语言学家特思尼耶尔。

Based on the concept of contradictory location within class relations and the theory of a general framework for class analysis, Wright divided the society into two segments: one for the owners of the means of production and the other for the non-owners, and then, compartmentalized various kinds within the wage-earner section by the two subordinate relations of exploitation.

赖特在他所提出的阶级关系中矛盾地位概念以及阶级分析的一般框架理论的基础上首先根据对生产资料的占有和非占有把社会分为两部分，然后根据作为资本主义社会剥削特性的两个从属关系的组织资产和技术/资格证书资产的占有状况划分出各种类型。

After the general inquiry into negligent coprincipal, the thesis' analysis is oriented to the difficulties faced with acknowledging negligent coprincipal: Firstly, it is restricted by existing criminal law.

文章否定过失共犯的概念，认为所谓的过失教唆和过失帮助其实是一种过失助成行为，一般可不予追究刑事责任，确须追究的，可以将其作为殊殊间接正犯处理。

Essential requests: comprehending the basic concept and theories of consumer psychology, the general law of consumer's psychological activity and personal characters, perfectly and truly know the consumer's behavior which bases on psychology, understand such some important problems of market economy as consumer's psychology with advertisement, consumer's psychology with wares, consumer's psychology with prices, consumer's psychology with saving and investment, and for the more, definitize the psychological reasons of consumptive behavior, make proper management strategy and elevate the management level.

基本要求：了解消费心理学的概念、基本理论，消费者的心理活动和个性特征等一般规律，对在心理学基础上形成的消费行为学有较完整、准确的认识。理解当今市场经济中消费心理与广告、消费心理与商品、消费心理与价格、消费心理与储蓄和投资这些重要问题，从而明确消费行为的心理依据，制定恰当的经营策略，提高管理水平。

Through the discussion of the study history of memory, the research problems and the significance of this study were brought forward, the concept of memory was clarified, the latest research of brain science was reviewed; On this basis, memory types and its measurement, memory process and its rules were studied documentarily and generalized systematically; This research analysed emphatically and concluded general and special methods of memory, the functions, usage means and applied scopes of many kinds of scientific memory methods were explored deeply with some typical psychology experimental results; Then affects of objective factors included external environment and material characteristics, subjective factors such as purpose, attention, emotion, knowledge, confidence and so on , were examined deeply; At last, it studied and analysed the cultivation and training of memory, practical usage of scientific memory methods, and put forward educational suggestions and training measures.

首先从记忆的研究历史切入本研究的问题背景与研究意义，阐明了记忆的概念、综述了记忆脑科学方面的最新进展；在此基础上，对记忆的分类与测量、基本过程与规律进行了文献研究与系统概括；着重分析并归结出了记忆的一般方法与特殊方法，结合代表性的心理学实验成果深入分析了各种科学记忆方法的功用、具体操作方法及应用范围；深入剖析了外部情境、材料特征等客观因素及目的、注意、情绪、知识、信心等主观因素对记忆的影响；最后在先前诸研究的基础上，对记忆的培养与训练及记忆术的实际应用加以分析和研究，提出了记忆培养训练的具体措施与教育建议，并实例说明了记忆术的具体应用。

The new views of this thesis are as below:1,Advance the view of the special characters of the commodity estate forward-sale contract;2,Define the subject-matter of the forward-sale contract as a kind right of anticipation, embody the unfairness of rights and obligations;3,Discuss the essence of the forenotice registration system;4,Consider that the transfer of forward-sale contract should be allowed in our country.

本文的主要创新在于：1、通过对于商品房预售合同概念和性质的深入分析、研究和比较，显现出了该种合同与其他一般买卖合同的不同之处，并提出了一些笔者的观点。2、通过对于商品房预售合同标的物的分析将之定义为一种期待权并且提出了该种合同当事人权利和义务存在不平衡性的特点。3、笔者对预告登记进行了细致的分析，并在结合新颁布的《物权法》的基础上说明了该种制度存在的必要性以及我国现有制度的改进方向。4、提出了商品房预售转让可以存在并在一定条件下施行的观点，并提出了相关的理由。

The supporting technologies of network information security are summarized. The unitive authentication systems existing are analyzed in this paper; their virtues and shortcomings are discussed.2. About the distributed peculiarities of allied resource, the concept of alliance grid is established. The access control model of alliance grid is established by directive ideas of access control security of alliance grid. AG-RBAC model is set up in the basic of common RBAC, interbedded relations between roles are set forth.

针对制造联盟企业资源分布式的特点，提出了联盟网格的概念；根据联盟网格安全访问控制的指导思想，提出了联盟网格访问控制模型；在一般RBAC模型的基础上提出了基于角色的联盟网格访问控制模型，清晰的表述了角色之间的层次关系；初步分析了AG-RBAC的实现模式，重点讨论了角色定义和权限配置的实现方法。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。