一般估计

The authors investigated the singular limits of stiff relaxation and dominant diffusion for general 2×2nonlinear systems of balance laws, that is,τ=o,ε→ 0, the relaxation time τtends to zero faster than the diffusion parameter ε. If there exists a priori L∞ bound that is uniformly with respect to ε for the solutionsof a system, then the solution sequence converges to the corresponding equilibrium solution of the system.

研究一般扩散占优的2×2双曲平衡律系统奇异松弛极限，用补偿紧性方法，在松弛时间τ比扩散系数ε趋于零快时，即τ=o，ε→ 0时，得到其解的整体存在性一般框架：如果上述系统的解存在对ε一致的先验L∞估计，则其解序列收敛于上述系统的对应平衡状态解。

Acceptance Criteria Activity Duration Estimation; Activity Definition; Activity Sequencing; Addenda Approved budget Arbitration Award of Contract ; Award Criteria Audits Balanced Matrix; Baseline Bill of Quantities Brainstorming Characteristic Checklists civil engineering civil building Claims Clarify Closing Communication Management Communications Planning Communications Skills Communication channels or paths Completion Computer-based Concrete structure Conditions of Contract Conflict Management Contract Management Contract administration Change Control Contract Closure Contract file Contract agreement; Contractual obligations Contractor Contractor's Representative Construction Management Planning Contract Price Control Chart Cost Estimating; Cost of Quality Cost Control Cost Budgeting Cost Management Co-operation Failure costs Critical Path Feedback Fixed-price Fossils Force Majeure Daywork Functional Organization Decision; Fundamental Tenets Decision Tree Defects Liability Definitions Delphi technique General Rules Deliverables General Provisions Deviation; Generation Direct Costs Discounted cash flow; Dissemination Highway engineering; Discharge Human Resource Management; Disputes Human Resource Planning Drawings Hydraulic engineering; Hydroelectric engineering; Employer's Taking Over Identity Certificate Evaluation of Tenders Initiating Process Group; Executing Process Group Instructions to Tenderers Industrial building Investment payback analysis; Ineffective Individual and team performance Information Distribution Negotiation Indirect Costs Nominated Subcontractors Incentive bonus Information Technology Interpretation; Insurance Observation Inspections Off-site Online On-the-job training Opening of Tender

验收标准活动时间的估计；活动的定义；活动序列分析；增编核定预算仲裁授予合同；授标标准审计平衡矩阵；基线工程量清单集思广益特性清单土木工程民用建筑索赔澄清闭幕通信管理通信规划沟通技巧沟通渠道或路径完成以计算机为基础的混凝土结构合同条件冲突管理合同管理合同管理变更控制合同结束合同文件合同协议；合同义务承包承包商的代表规划建设管理合同价格控制图成本估算；质量成本成本控制成本预算成本管理合作失败成本关键路径反馈固定价格化石不可抗力计日工职能组织决定；基本原理决策树缺陷责任定义德尔福技术的一般规则交付的一般规定偏差；代直接费用贴现现金流量；传播公路工程；放电的人力资源管理；争端的人力资源规划图纸水利工程；水电工程；雇主接管身份证书评标启动过程组；执行过程组指示的投标工业建设投资回报分析；无效个人和团队的业绩信息分配谈判指定分包商的间接费用激励奖金信息技术解释；保险观察视察场外在线在职培训开幕投标

In the traditional GSM network planning, the revised Hata model serves as the prototype, and the coefficient in the model formula is tuned according to the data obtained in the radio propagation feature test specific to local actual radio environment, so as to obtain the propagation model for practical prediction. A common digital map only contains the clutter information and the digital terrain model information. So the building designers cannot fully allow for the influence of radio propagation, and can only estimate the influence on the building roughly from a traditional perspective, e.g., consider the influence of different clutters through certain clutter offset.

在传统的GSM网络规划中，一般都以修正的Hata模型为原型，再利用规划软件通过导入针对当地的实际无线环境做无线传播特性测试所得的数据对模型公式中的系数进行修正而得到实际预测用的传播模型，一般使用的数字地图仅包括地物信息和高程信息，因此建筑物对无线传播的影响无法充分考虑，只能从统计意义上对建筑物的影响进行粗略的估计，如通过一定的地物偏移来考虑不同地物的影响。

The main contents include: Some preliminary theory (introduction to Sobolev spaces and variational formulations for differential equations); finite element methods for one-dimensional elliptic problems; the construction methods for general finite elements; error estimates for interpolation operators and inverse inequalities for finite element spaces; a priori and a posteriori error estimates for the finite element method for high-dimensional elliptic problems; some typical spectral methods for partial differential equations; error analysis for the spectral approximation for some linear and nonlinear partial differential equations.

主要内容有：准备知识（Sobolev空间的基本概念和主要结果，微分方程的变分描述）；一维椭圆型方程有限元方法；一般有限元的构造；插值算子误差估计和逆不等式；高维椭圆型方程的先验、后验误差估计；求解偏微分方程的几类谱方法；线性与非线性问题谱逼近的误差分析等。

The property of extended sub-positive definite matrix is studied further by means of the method of matrix analysis to obtain the lower estimated Oppenheim inequality of Hadamard multiplication determinant to two extended sub-positive definite matrices under more general conditions and improve the past in the adaptation range and estimated exactness.

用矩阵分析的方法，通过对广义次正定矩阵性质的进一步研究，得到了更一般条件下的两个广义次正定矩阵的Hadamard乘积的行列式下界估计的Oppenheim不等式，在适用范围和估计精度上都改进了已有的相应结果。

Based on the analysis of the Doppler effect of the mobile channel, the performance of two MIMO-OFDM systems (STTC-OFDM and SFBC-OFDM) in the fast-moving environment is studied. Then, the algorithm for channel estimation based on the training sequence is extended into the fast-moving environment by introducing the space-frequency coding, the method of the equal-interval pectinate pilot-inserting, and the complete Maximum-Likelihood space-frequency decoding.

针对快速移动环境中存在的多普勒效应，研究了两种多输入多输出正交频分复用系统在快衰落信道中的误码性能，采用空频编码梳状等间隔导频插入方式，以及完全最大似然空频分组码解码算法，使用导频与接收信号进行信道参数估计，将一般多输入多输出正交频分复用系统中的基于训练序列的最小均方误差信道估计算法推广到了快衰落信道环境中。

At present, for the linear mixed model with two variance components, literatures only discuss the necessary and sufficient conditions for the spectral decomposition esti-mators are equivalent to ANOVAE.

一般情况下，混合模型的方差分量都是非负的，因此方差分量的估计也应该是非负的才是合理的估计。

By using the coefficient estimation of Taylor expansion, we obtain an estimate of the n-th derivatives for bounded analytic functions.

利用有界解析函数泰勒展开式的系数估计，得到了n阶导数估计的一般式，改进了己有的相关结果。

The acceptable calculated consumption of the Tilapia and Mugil cephalus were 5.33 and 3.12 g/day, much lower than average fish consumption o f 60.75 g/day estimated by the questionnaire.

假使以本研究测得之吴郭鱼与乌鱼的浓度来估计，一般民众食用市售鱼类的可接受摄取量分别是5.33与3.12 g/day，低於研究中以问卷估计之平均摄取量60.75 g/day。

At the fourth part of this dissertation, maximum likelihood blind channel estimation methods are described briefly, including general Markov Chain Monte Carlo based joint channel estimation and symbol detection method and finite alphabet set based maximum likelihood method in SIMO-OFDM systems.

在本文的第四部分，简单介绍了最大似然信道估计方法，包括一般意义上的MCMC联合信道估计与符号检测方法，以及SIMO-OFDM系统中基于有限字符集的最大似然方法。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。