一级反应

At present,the rate laws and reaction mechanisms of pyrite oxidation,pyrite and chalcopyrite formation,uraninite and magnetite dissolution in aqueous solutions are mainly studied,and it is discovered that (1)oxidation rate of pyrite controlled by surface reaction assume fractional dependence on Fe3+ and O2 molalities in acid solutions;(2)Pyrite cannot nucleate directly from solutions below 300 ℃,it can only form initially through sulfidation of a FeS precursor. The rate equation of reaction between FeS and H2S to form pyrite is of the second order;(3)Chalcopyrite is formed by reactions of pyrrhotite or pyrite with Cu2+,the former proceeds via a series of mediate metastable phases of Cu-Fe sulfide,whereas the rate equation of the latter is apparently of the first order which is controlled by surface reaction;(4)The nonlinear behavior of magnetite dissolution at acid pH can be represented by a shrinking core model coupling with surface reaction and diffusion transport.

目前主要研究了水溶液中黄铁矿氧化、黄铁矿和黄铜矿形成、晶质铀矿和磁铁矿溶解的速率定律和反应机理，发现：(1)酸性溶液中黄铁矿的氧化速率对Fe3+和O2浓度呈分数依赖并受表面反应的控制；(2)低于300 ℃时黄铁矿不能从溶液中直接成核，而需初始地通过FeS先驱物的硫化生成，FeS与H2S反应形成黄铁矿的速率方程为二级；(3)磁黄铁矿或黄铁矿与Cu2+反应均可形成黄铜矿，前者经历了一系列准稳的Cu-Fe硫化物的中间物，后者的速率方程为表观一级并受表面反应的控制；(4)酸性pH时磁铁矿的非线性溶解行为可采用表面反应扩散输运耦合的收缩核模型来描述。

The simplified peseudo-first-order kinetic model for hydrolyzation of benzal chloride was proposed according to the character of hydrolyzation reaction and the apparent reaction rate constant and activity energy was obtained. The activity energy is 17.73KJ/mol in the temperature range from 900C to 1100C and the model values and experimental values tally well.

根据水解反应的特点，提出了简化的苄叉二氯水解反应拟一级动力学模型，经参数估计，得出了水解反应的宏观反应速率常数和活化能，在900C～1100C温度范围内，反应活化能为E1＝17.73kJ/mol，模型计算值与实验值吻合较好。

Based on the experimental results, it could be consequentially concluded that N-methoxycarbonylation of aromatic amines was followed by the exclusive N-methylation of methyl N-aryl carbamates during the reaction process.

苯环上有钝化基团的一级芳胺反应活性比较好，获得N-甲基-N-芳基氨基甲酸甲酯的产率较高，反应时间也较短；而苯环上活化基团的存在，则会降低一级芳胺的反应活性。

Allergy treatment can then be prescribed based on the level of reaction to certain irritants.

过敏治疗就可以订明的基础上一级反应的某些刺激物。

The original aroma components minished with the process of concentration. The pineapple scent became thin.

研究表明浓缩汁颜色值a*／L*／b*变化属一级反应，其动力学方程为：A=A_0exp。20，30℃所得的Q_(10)=1.75.30，40℃所得的Q_(10)=3.31。

The results show that the weight loss of cooking oil tar can be divided into five stages.

采用Doyle和Coats-Redfern方法建立了&四阶段一级反应动力学模型&。

Fitting curves are in good agreement with the experimental results,the calculated kinetic parameters are in good agreement with those reported in term of modeling of the pyrolysis of the three components assuming hemicellulose,cellulose and lignin pyrolyzing independently and para...

采用非线性最小平方算法，按三组分独立平行一级反应热解动力学模型，模拟计算的曲线与实验结果吻合较好，求解的动力学参数与文献报道值吻合较好，且随着升温速率的加快，纤维素和木质素热解的活化能有增加的趋势，而半纤维素活化能有下降的趋势。

In the preparation method, primary soybean oil and deep hydrogenation soybean oil, or primary rapeseed oil and deep hydrogenation rapeseed oil are adopted as raw materials; sodium methoxide is selected as a catalyst; the consumption of the catalyst is 0.1 percent to 0.5 percent; the reaction temperature is 70 DEG C to 110 DEG C; therefore, the primary soybean oil and the deep hydrogenation soybean oil, or the primary rapeseed oil and the deep hydrogenation rapeseed oil have randomized lactide reaction for 10 min to 90 min, so as to change the composition of mixed oil triglyceride and obtain the low/zero trans fatty acid base oil with different melting points and the characteristics of solid fat.

本发明以一级大豆油和极度氢化大豆油，或一级菜籽油和极度氢化菜籽油为原料，选择甲醇钠为催化剂，催化剂用量0.1％～0.5％，反应温度70～110℃，使一级大豆油和极度氢化大豆油，或一级菜籽油和极度氢化菜籽油之间进行随机交酯化反应，反应时间10～90min，从而改变混合油甘三酯组成，得到具有不同熔点和固体脂肪特征的低/零反式脂肪酸基料油。

Based on the-references on the thermal imidization of polyand the polymer composition analysis,the thermal imidization mechanism of SMA with aniline was demonstrated to be a two-stage consecutive reaction,in which a second-order reversible ring-opening reaction of SMA to produce poly(styrene-co-N-phenyl-maleamic acid)and a first-order irreversible intrachain ring-closing reaction to form SNPMI were involved.

论文首先参考聚酰胺酸热环化反应，并通过SMA酰亚胺化产物的组成分析，确定了SMA与苯胺的热酰亚胺化反应机理为一个包含由SMA生成苯乙烯—N-苯基马来酰胺酸共聚物的二级可逆开环反应以及由SNPMA生成苯乙烯—N-苯基马来酰亚胺共聚物的一级不可逆分子内闭环反应在内的串联反应过程，其中第二步SNPMA闭环反应为控制步骤。

RESULTS:The degradations of N1-sorbyl-5-Fu were shown to display pseudo-first-order kinetics in buffer solutions and biological media.

结果： N1-山梨酰-5-氟脲嘧啶在缓冲溶液和组织匀浆中的降解服从表观一级反应，分配系数logP=1.5780。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。