一级反应

The author has studied the kinetics of hydrogenation of a,β-unsaturated aldehydes andketones such as cinnamaldehyde and 2-butylene cyclopentanone,β-ionone over amorphousalloy NiB catalyst at atmospheric pressure of H2 as well as effects of reaction conditions onthe kinetics.

作者以肉桂醛和2-亚丁基环戊酮、β-紫罗兰酮为代表重点研究了非晶态NiB催化α，β-不饱和醛酮常压下选择加氢的反应动力学。常压下该反应是准一级反应。

This article that focuses on the systematic and in-depth research in the current primal problem about abnormal burst pressure reservoir depress burst pressure has procured following main fruits:1 It forms the method which could obtain massive vertical static state mechanics parameters.2 In a foundation of acquisition of rock mechanics parameters,apply bent lamella that as mechanical model along with characteristic of actual geologic characteristics to analysis curvature for anticlinal strcture, get homologous tectonic stress value throug relation between the curvature and stress and different principal curvature in anticlinal structure,consequently set up laminational stress model for anticline reservoir. The block lamination for existed fracturing date has formed method of setting up mechanical model of lamination terrestrial stress by abtaining the block tectonic stress coefficients which are got by complex utilization test, laboratory test and fracturing date playback.3 Analysesing the main reason which lead to high burst pressure by considering the characteristic of reservoir geology,reservoir,and rock mechanics and reservoir damage,etc.Establishing burst pressure quantitative prediction model which provide gist for depressing construction risk and optimizing construction craft under the condition of open hole completion ,gun-perforated completion and damaged reservoir.4 Provding theoretical basis for interpreting acidification pretreatment which could depress busrt pressure by finding the relation between the influencing factors and rock machanics parameters and analysing the factors that have effect on rock mechanics parameters. Expounding the mechanism of reaction of mixed monomineral and acid from the angle of microcosmic element, evaluating quantitatively acid sensilility of different kinds of mineral effectively, and determing the first-order reaction dynamical equation of each mineral.5 Revealing rock mechanics property chage as a result of acid flooding in different condition by sandstone traumata experiment in different temperatures which combined with rock mechanics triaxial stress experiment.6 Associating damage mechanics with sandstone acidizing, established sandstone damage mechanics model in the foundation of the recognition on the rock mechanics parametric variation which is caused by acid-rock reaction in both macroscopic view and microscopic view ,also demonstrated those processes and quantitative estimated the acid busrt pressure to direct the site operation.

本文针对目前异常破裂压力储层降低破裂压力的主要问题展开较为系统和深入的研究，取得了以下主要成果：1形成了利用测井资料，结合室内岩芯测试结果，获取静动岩石力学参数的相关性特征，从而获得纵向上大量静态力学参数的方法。2在获取了岩石力学参数的此基础上，利用弯曲薄板作为力学模型，结合区块实际地质特征对背斜构造进行曲率分析，通过曲率与应力的关系，利用背斜构造不同部位的主曲率求得相应的构造应力值，从而建立起背斜储层的分层应力模型；对已有压裂资料的区块分层，形成了综合利用测试、室内实验、压裂资料反演获得该区块构造应力系数，建立起分层地应力的力学模型的方法。3综合考虑储层地质、油藏、岩石力学特性和储层伤害等因素，分析造成高破裂压力的主要原因，综合利用岩石力学、弹性力学等知识，建立了裸眼完井、射孔完井条件下以及储层受到伤害后的储层破裂压力定量预测模型，为降低施工风险和优化施工工艺提供了依据。4完成了物性、岩性影响岩石力学参数的因素分析，找出了各影响因素和岩石力学参数之间的关系，为从机理上解释酸化预处理降低破裂压力提供了理论基础；从微观元素的角度阐述了单矿物与酸反应的机理；并在此基础上，有效评价了各种矿物的酸敏感性，定量确定了岩石中各矿物的一级反应动力学方程。5完成了不同温度下的酸液类型、酸液浓度、注酸量等一系列砂岩损伤实验，结合岩石力学三轴应力实验，系统揭示了在不同条件下注酸而引起的岩石力学性质变化。6将损伤力学与砂岩酸化相结合，在宏观、微观两个方面认识酸岩反应引起岩石力学参数变化基础上，建立了砂岩损伤力学模型，并对其进行验证，在此基础上定量计算酸化后的破裂压力，有效指导现场施工

Basedon the studies on the curing kinetics of TEDS/ DDM system as well as model rcasnon of TEDS/di - n- butylamine, the first order kinetic was proposed for TEDS.

对其与二正丁胺的模型反应、与DDM（4，4'－二氨基二苯基甲烷）的固化反应劝力学研究表明，反应对TEDS为一级反应。

Kinetics analysis showed that the photochemical reaction kinetics of 4,4'-DI3B was pseudo-first order reaction in n-hexane solution, and the reaction was a process of debromination step by step.

动力学分析表明，4，4'-DBB在正己烷中的光化学反应为准一级反应，是一个逐步脱溴的反应过程。

The results showed that the degrdation rate of fluorobenzene by TiO2/SnO2 coating rosed from 71.9% to 90.1% compared with pure TiO2 coating. The apparent rate constant k of the photocatalytic degradation is related to the initial concentration of fluorobenzene and the reaction order is zero. The corresponding degradation rate of aldehyde with the concentration of 100ppm rosed from 69.2% to 91.4% and the reaction order is one.

结果表明：与未改性涂料相比，SnO2改性涂料的活性对氟苯的降解率由71.9％提高到90.1％，反应表观速率常数与降解液初始浓度有关，光催化降解氟苯属于零级反应；对100ppm乙醛的降解率由69.2％提高到91.4％，光催化降解乙醛属于一级反应。

The nitrosification of suspended activated sludge of SBBR one-step completely nitrogen removal process could be defined as the first order reaction.

单级自养脱氮系统中悬浮态活性污泥的亚硝化反应可以近似按一级反应表示，反应速率随生物量的增加而增加。

The thermokintics of nucleophilic substitution reactionsof benzoyl chloride and oxidation reaction of isopropanol by NBS have been studiedby using the mathematical models of the thermokinetic time-parameter method forsimple and consecutive first order reaction, respectively. The kinetic mechanisms ofstudied reactions have been discussed reasonably.

利用简单和连续一级反应的时间参量法的数学模型，分别研究了苯甲酰氯亲核取代反应和NBS氧化异丙醇反应的热动力学，对反应的机理进行了合理的解释和讨论。

The process is in keeping with the first-order reaction in the initial reaction period.

在反应初始阶段，呈一级反应，随着反应的进行，固定化酶存在一定的失活现象。

The experimental results indicate that the reaction rate exhibited first-order with respect to aniline and half-order to APS and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid.

研究结果表明，苯胺的乳液聚合反应速率对苯胺是一级反应；对APS和十二烷基苯磺酸均为0.5级反应。

The decolorization reaction appears to be a pseudo first-order reaction and increases with rising temperature.

脱色反应可视为表观一级反应，提高反应温度可以加快脱色速率。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。