一级反应

(1) In the sorption kinetics experiment, Cu2+ sorptions by Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum triphyllum and Hydrilla verticillata respectively, all reached balance within 35mins, all of the test results of sorption kinetics recommended the pseudo second-order equation and indicated that this kind of sorption was a complicated process of simultaneous actions of many reactions. The test results of thermodynamic sorption fitted with Langmuir model better than Freundlich model, and the maximum sorption quantites were 13.12, 20.12, 7.79mg/g, respectively,In the desorption test, the desorption rates of each plants were all below 1%, indicating strong sorption-holding action of these submersed mcrophytes on Cu2+.

通过上述研究，得到以下结论： 1、狐尾藻、金鱼藻、黑藻在对铜离子的吸附动力学实验中，均在35min内达到吸附平衡，分别用一级动力学方程和伪二级动力学方程拟合，结果均为用伪二级动力学方程拟合效果较好，表明该吸附为多种反应同时作用的复杂过程；在热力学实验中，三种植物的吸附曲线都能较好的用Langmuir曲线拟合，其拟合最大吸附量分别为13.12、20.12、7.79 mg/g；在解吸实验中，三种植物的解吸率都较低，说明对铜离子都有较好的吸持能力。

The results show that by providing wastewaters pH of about 3 and reaction time of 2 hours, the quantity of H2O2 of 40 mL/L, the concentration of ferrous iron is 0.4 g/L, the effluent of microelectrolysis goes into Biological contact oxidation process, in which DO, HRT and volume load are 4.5 mg/L, 10 hours and 1.0 kg CODCr/(m3·d) respectively, satisfying the first grade of the national standard.

结果表明，在废水pH值为3左右、反应时间2 h的前提下，双氧水投加量40 mL/L，二价铁离子质量浓度为0.4 g/L，再经过微电解处理后的出水进入接触氧化阶段。在溶解氧为4.5 mg/L左右，水力停留时间为10 h、容积负荷1.0 kg CODCr/（m3·d）左右的条件下，出水CODCr小于100 mg/L，可达到国家对丙烯腈废水处理要求的一级标准。

The results of batch experiments showed that the anaerobic biodegradation kinetics of 2-CNB and 4-CNB by granular sludge were follwed by first-order reaction. The nitro groups of 2-CNB and 4-CNB were more easily attacked by electron than chlorines and they were reductively biotransformed to amino groups under anaerobic conditions. The acclimated anaerobic granular sludge, which could dechlorinate 4-chloroanline to aniline, showed that it had the ability of para-dechlorinating. The anaerobic biodegradating on pathway of 2-CNB and 4-CNB were suggested as follows:AbstractIn ZVI(zero-valent iron, Fe0)-reduction system, the nitro groups of 2-CNB and 4-CNB were reductively transformed to amino groups.

2分批试验结果证明，颗粒污泥降解2-CNB和4-CNB遵循一级动力学，在厌氧条件下，CNB发生序列的硝基还原与脱氯作用，苯环上的硝基比氯原子更容易受到亲电子攻击，发生还原反应生成氨基；所获得的颗粒污泥具有对位脱氯活性，可使4-CA进一步脱氯形成苯胺。2-CNB和4-CNB厌氧降解的建议性途径为： ZVI(Zero-valentiron)对2-CNB和4-CNB的作用主要是将苯环上的硝基还原为氨基；在ZVI与污泥共还原转化体系中，ZVI对氯代硝基苯的硝基转化具有一定的促进作用，但因ZVI对中间产物的吸附特性，终产物形成速率趋慢。

The effects of many parameters, such as the amount of surfactant, airflow rates, pH, NaCl, ethanol and temperature on the solvent sublation were studied. Experimental results showed that a ratio of surfactant to Pb-dithizone complex (2∶1) was the most effective for the removal, with over 97.4% Pb removed from the aqueous solution in 40 min by solvent sublation, at the value of pH 12.6.The solvent sublation process followed first order kinetics. A characteristic parameter, apparent activation energy of attachment of the sublate to bubbles, was estimated at a value of 2.08 kJ/mol.

结果表明，当表面活性剂与硝酸铅物质的量之比为2∶1时，铅去除率达97.4％；体系去除率在pH值为12.6时最高；有机溶剂的影响不明显；少量的乙醇可提高其去除率和去除速率，但过多会产生抑制作用；适量的NaCl能提高体系去除率，但随着浓度的提高呈现下降趋势；去除速率随气流速率增加而增加，体系去除率随温度升高而递增；反应过程遵从一级动力学，表观活化能为2.08 kJ/mol。

Methods: Clinical assessment and family genetic method were used to study the clinical characteristics, comorbidity, family spectrum, and response to treatment of 90 unmediated patients with OCD.

采用临床研究与家系遗传研究相结合的方法，对90例未服药的强迫症的临床特征、合并疾病、一级亲属的精神疾病发病情况及治疗反应进行研究。

In the Aldol condensation of acetone with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, two different hybrid secondary amine-functionalized mesoporous materials displayed enhanced catalytic performance in comparison to primary amine-functionalized materials. The possible reason is that the presence of organic functional groups with larger steric hindrance led to the enhanced catalytic performance of basic amino groups.

在对硝基苯甲醛和丙酮的羟醛缩合反应中，相对于一级胺功能化的材料，二级胺功能化的SBA-15展示了极大改进的催化活性，这可能是由于具有更大空间位阻效应的有机功能团的引人导致了碱性胺中心催化活性增强。

Seven major methods and their reaction characteristics for the synthesis of primary vicinal diamines starting from epoxides, and alkenes etc.

文摘：详细综述了从环氧化合物、烯烃等为起始原料合成一系列一级邻二胺的七条主要路线，并比较了各条反应路线的特点。

The reaction is a first-order kinetic process.

降解过程是一个一级动力学反应。

Kinetics studies showed that the esterification of PCA with cotton could be described as a first-order equilibrium reaction.

本文认为多羧酸与棉纤维的酯化反应是一级可逆反应。

Model of consecutive first-order reaction taken as an example, RCRA has been employed to determine the rate constants.

该方法用于处理苯胺电解降解的两维数据，发现苯胺降解过程中有一种表观中间体存在，降解过程符合一级连串反应模型。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。