一步

In this scheme, the description of unitary evolution and quantum measurement is unified and the quantum control operation is represented by probability state transition. The algorithm works as follows. At first a measurement is applied on the system. If the state after collapse is not the desired eigenstate, then system evolution will go on. After a period of time, the system is measured again. The process will go on like this until we get the desired eigenstate by measurement. Finally the system is driven to the target state with admissible control as before.

4把本征态能控性概念进一步向前发展，提出了概率能控性的概念，将幺正演化和量子测量这两种量子控制手段统一的用概率状态转移来描述，并针对一类特殊的本征态能控的系统，提出了幺正演化和测量交替进行的量子反馈控制策略：如果单步测量所得到的本征态不是期望的本征态，则让系统以这一本征态作为新的初态进行下一步的幺正演化，然后在适当的时候再次测量，让系统塌缩到某一本征态，如此重复进行，直到达到期望的目标态为止。

In the second chapter, elementary theories and ideas of one step forming inverse approach were described and warped modification method, implemented by Cook, was introduced into one step forming simulation and based on idea of surface spreading; new quadrilateral element modification arithmetic was put forward. By spreading warped quadrilateral onto plane in local coordinate system, a plane quadrilateral element whose shape and area were equal to original warped quadrilateral element was gotten and internal force vectors of four nodes and stiffness matrix of elements were improved to increase precision of simulations on this plane element.

第二章从一步成形逆有限元法的基本理论和思想出发，将Cook基于弹性理论的四边形单元的翘曲修正算法引入基于塑性的一步成形，并且基于曲面展开的思想，本文提出一种新的四节点单元翘曲修正方案，通过把翘曲的单元展开的方法在局部参考系中得到一个与实际翘曲单元的形状与面积非常接近的平面单元，在该平面单元中进行单元刚度及内力向量的计算，进一步改善模拟结果的精度。

This paper reports the IR spectroscopy of CPE synthetized by solid-phase chlorination process under different conditions.

本文研究在不同条件固相氯化聚乙烯的红外光谱，探讨了一步和两步氯化合成的CPE的结构差别，着重讨论了两步氯化的CPE结构特点。

The officers and men marched in the parade square standard pace, each step of 75 cm, 116 steps per minute, did Folks; stringent requirements, rigorous training to make phalanx of officers and men trained in a real skill. 56 Fang team, a symbol of unity and harmony of China's 56 nationalities, unite as one, making big strides along the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics; flag guard members from the People's Heroes Monument to the starting base of the flagpole to reach the road during the process of step goose-step 169 , meaning "from 1840 to the present 169 years of extraordinary history, the Chinese bull by the horns with confidence towards the future"......

阅兵式方阵的官兵们迈着标准的步伐，每一步75厘米、每分钟116步做到了分毫不差；严谨的要求、严格的训练使方阵的官兵们练就了一身的真本领。56个方队，寓意着我09年国56个民族团结和谐、万众一心，沿着中09年国特色社会主义道路阔步前进；09年国旗护卫队队员从人民英雄纪念碑出发到达09年国旗杆基座的行进过程中将迈出正步169步，寓意"从1840年至今169年的不平凡历程，中华民族不畏艰难，满怀信心，走向未来"

We prepared the pyrethric acid II through four reactions: esterification, oxidation, decomposition, diesterification. And the original synthesis route of the pyrethric acidII was improved: the yield of oxidation of allyl rise through increasing the activity of Selenium dioxide; in the document, tert-butyl-trans -2, 2-dimethy1-3-(2"-methoxycarbony1-1"-propenyl)cyclopropanecarboxy late was synthesized from tert-butyl-trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2 -formyl-r -propenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylate with two steps, with low yield.

我们经过酯化，氧化，成双酯，热分解四步反应，成功地得到了第二菊酸，并改进了原第二菊酸的合成路线：通过改变二氧化硒的活性提高了烯丙甲基的氧化产率；将原路线中醛氧化成羧酸、羧酸酯化的两步反应改为醛和甲醇、二氧化锰等作用一步直接酯化的方法，减少了反应步骤，提高了总收率。

To simulate the steady removal VOC waste gas degradation parallel plat plates theoretical model, the result shows that the toluene removal efficiency curse can track the dentiform and sine wave reference curves and five-step predictive control can track reference curve closely compared with one step predictive control.

并对稳态的生物膜滴滤床降解甲苯净化效率的平行平板通道理论模型进行了多步预测控制的仿真研究，得到结果是，基于神经网络的预测控制能使得甲苯降解效率跟踪参考的齿形轨迹和正弦轨迹，五步预测控制较一步预测控制更能较好的逼近跟踪轨迹。

Cheng, Y. Mean-shift, Mode Seeking and Clustering. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 17, pp. 790, 1995.[2] Comaniciu D, Ramesh V, Meer P. Kernel-based Object Tracking. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 25, pp. 564-577, 2003.[3] Collins R, Liu Y and Leordeanu M. Online Selection of Discriminative Tracking Features. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 27, pp. 1631-1643, 2005.[4] Nummiaro K, Koller-Meier E and Gool L.V. An Adaptive Color-based Particle Filter.

本文针对MS跟踪和粒子滤波跟踪各自的优缺点，将其两者进行了很好地结合，提出了两步跟踪算法，其特点有：保留了MS跟踪实时性的优点的同时，也具有粒子滤波在遮挡情况下的鲁棒性等特点；在所需的每步粒子跟踪中，以上一步的跟踪结果与模板的相似度为先验知识，自适应地选取粒子个数和传播半径，缓解了粒子缺乏多样性的缺点，也根据这个相似度来判断是否需要对目标模板的更新，保证了更新的有效性。

Generally identification of plant species consists of two steps. At first family, genus and species of the specimen are made certain by looking up the tool book whose title is Claves Plantarum Xinjiangensis.

一般来说，植物种的鉴定分为两个步骤，第一步，判断植物标本的科、属和种的地位；第二步，使用《×××植物志》、植物图鉴、模式标本等资料检验上一步得出的结论是否正确。

The officers and men marched in the parade square standard pace, each step of 75 cm, 116 steps per minute, did Folks; stringent requirements, rigorous training to make phalanx of officers and men trained in a real skill. 56 Fang team, a symbol of unity and harmony of China's 56 nationalities, unite as one, making big strides along the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics; flag guard members from the People's Heroes Monument to the starting base of the flagpole to reach the road during the process of step goose-step 169 , meaning "from 1840 to the present 169 years of extraordinary history, the Chinese bull by the horns with confidence towards the future"......

阅兵式方阵的官兵们迈着标准的步伐，每一步75厘米、每分钟116步做到了分毫不差；严谨的要求、严格的训练使方阵的官兵们练就了一身的真本领。56个方队，寓意着我09年国56个民族团结和谐、万众一心，沿着中09年国特色社会主义道路阔步前进；09年国旗护卫队队员从人民英雄纪念碑出发到达09年国旗杆基座的行进过程中将迈出正步169步，寓意&从1840年至今169年的不平凡历程，中华民族不畏艰难，满怀信心，走向未来&

What you owe to Milton is not any knowledge, of which a million separate items are still but a million of advancing steps on the same earthly level; what you owe is power-that is, exercise and expansion to your own latent capacity of sympathy with the infinite, where every pulse and each separate influx is a step upwards, a step ascending as upon a Jacob's ladder from earth to mysterious altitudes above the earth.

弥尔顿④给予我们的并不是什么知识，即使有一百万条知识，人类因此迈开百万步，也始终是彳亍在尘世的地面上；他给予我们的是力量，即是说，用你潜在的感应力，向着广袤无垠的世界拓展，扩张，每一记脉动，每一次喷薄，都是上升一步，好似缘着雅各的天梯⑤，从尘世的地面逐步攀上神秘的苍穹。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。