一分子的

At first the energy of the microwave will energized the argon to be ionization, and the generated heat make the sulfur volatilizing into bivalency sulfur or dipolymer sulfur high pressure steam. The molecule transition will happen under the microwave energization, and the visible light will be emitted when the sulfur states change into the low energy level. The spectra of the plasma lamp is nearly centering at the visible lights, and there are very little ultraviolet and infrared spectrum, the Fig 3 shows the spectra of the sun and the plasma lamp from which we can see the spectrum character clearly.

微波能量首先激励氩气使其电离，产生的热量使硫挥发成为二价硫分子或二聚物高压蒸汽，在微能量的激励下使它形成分子跃迁，当返回到较低能级的状态时以连续光谱的形式放射出光线，它的光谱基本上集中在可见光，红外线和紫外线的辐射量很少，（图3）硫的放射光谱和太阳光谱的比较图片，可以很清晰地表达这一特性。

The process of shock mechanical energy flowing into the molecule of the en-ergetic material is expounded.According to the hyperbolic type thermal conduc-tion equation,the author modifies the mathematic model describing intramolecu-lar vibrational state pumping,which was presented by D.D.

论述了冲击机械能向含能材料分子内部流动的过程，结合双曲型的热传导方程修正了国外一些学者提出的分子内部振动态泵浦的数学模型，提出了一组与他们的方程不同的非线性偏微分方程，根据方程的试探解，用迭代方法，得到了数值解。

The synthesis of the pentacyclic skeleton of Et-743 and the construction of the five chiral centers thereof.1. The core pentacyclic skeleton of phthalascidin was constructed with L-dopa as the starting material via thirteen steps. First, two basic synthons, the C-1 functionalized tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds 8 and N-protected Z-dopa derivative 9, were prepared from L-dopa. They were coupled via amide bond to form the dipeptide compounds 10, which were the first key intermediates. Then the primary hydroxyl groups were transformed into the corresponding amino aldehydes 11 via Swern oxidation. Followed by the intramolecular Pictet-Spengler cyclization, the pentacyclic compounds 12 were synthesized.

五环骨架的构建及五个正确手性中心的确立：1.1我们以L-多巴为起始原料，经过多步官能团保护和转化合成了基本结构单元8然后和苯丙氨酸衍生物9，通过缩合反应生成酰胺中间体10，经Swern氧化得到醛化合物11，然后再次利用分子内改良的Pictet-Spengler反应一步构建c，d两环，得到五环骨架化合物12，最后，实现了21-位羰基向氰基的转化，得到了C-1位官能化的化合物14，化合物14不但具有和Et-743一致的五环骨架，而且分子中五个手性中心立体构型也与其完全相同：其中，3，位和13，位的手性中心由原料L-多巴带入，而1，位，11，位和21，位手性中心则通过不对称诱导而确立。

Thus, in the eighteenth century, when nearly all the instructed, and all those of the uninstructed who were led by them, were lost in admiration of what is called civilization, and of the marvels of modern science, literature, and philosophy, and while greatly overrating the amount of unlikeness between the men of modern and those of ancient times, indulged the belief that the whole of the difference was in their own favour; with what a salutary shock did the paradoxes of Rousseau explode like bombshells in the midst, dislocating the compact mass of one-sided opinion, and forcing its elements to recombine in a better form and with additional ingredients.

举例来看，在十八世纪，当几乎一切有学养的人以及跟在他们后面的无学养的人都热狂于赞叹所谓文明，赞叹近代科学、文学、哲学的各项奇迹的时候，当他们既大大过高估计了现代人与古人不同的程度复滥信这全部不同都偏利于他们自己的时候，请看卢梭的一些似非而是的议论怎样象炸弹一般爆发在一大堆结构紧密的片面性意见之中，改变了它原来的部位，迫使其中分子在新的分子楔入之下重新组合出更好的形式，起到了有益的震撼作用。

Both crystallographically unique Zn atoms exit as an octahedral geometry. The four equatorial positions of Zn1 atom are occupied by the carboxylate-oxygen atoms of the two tartrates, and the two oxygens of the left four carboxylate-oxygen atoms coordinate to two different Zn2 atoms, respectively, forming infinite coordination polymer chains. The left two of the trans equatorial positions of Zn2 atom are completed with two oxygen atoms of two water molecules. The axial positions of both Zn atoms are occupied by the nitrogen atoms from different 4,4'-bipyridine molecules to give a 2D rectangular-grid layers with a cavity dimension of 0.51165(3)nm×1.13896(5) nm. A three dimensional network is formed by the crystallization water chains joined by the carboxylate-oxygen atoms through hydrogen-bonding interactions.

两个晶体学独立的Zn原子均为八面体构型，其中Zn1原子赤道配位点被2个酒石酸根中的4个羧酸根氧螯合配位， 2个酒石酸根中剩下的4个羧酸根氧中的2个分别与2个Zn2原子连接形成无限一维链， Zn2原子的另外2个反式赤道配位点被2个水分子氧占据，同时这两种Zn原子的轴向配位点均被4，4'-联吡啶的氮原子占据，形成具有矩形格子[0.51165(3) nm×1.13896(5) nm]的二维层状结构，游离的2个水分子通过氢键作用形成二聚体，并与酒石酸根中未与Zn配位的羧酸氧连接，把二维层状结构连接成三维网状的超分子结构。

ABSTRACT Hairy and Enhancer-of-split-type protein 1 (Hes1) is a main effecter of the Notch pathway and acts as a differentiation repressor and/or as a pro-expansion factor during the pancreatic development.

由于人们尚未找到胰腺干细胞的特异性标志，因而给胰腺干细胞的分离纯化及其特性的研究带来了极大的困难。来自hes1-/-敲除小鼠的研究提示，Hes1作为Notch信号通路的一个关键分子，在胰腺发育过程中扮演着扩增促进因子或分化抑制因子的角色，因而有可能用作胰腺干细胞的备选标志分子，但这一推论缺乏直接的证据。

Based on the previous experiments, we choose CNTs/CdS core-shell nanowires as inorganic materials and poly(benzyl-ether) dendrons with thiol functionalities as organic solubilizer. The solubility of CNTs/CdS core-shell nanowires in normal solvents was expected to improve through chemical interactions between core-shell nanowires and solubilizer. The enhanced solubility can improve facility in processability. It also provides a new application method in nanomaterials.

本论文在课题组原有工作的基础上，以制备可溶、易加工的有机-无机复合纳米材料为应用目标，选择具有自己课题组研究特色的CNTs/CdS核壳纳米线结构作为无机材料，选择带巯基的聚苯甲醚树枝状分子作为有机增溶剂，通过带巯基的聚苯甲醚树枝状分子对CNTs/CdS核壳纳米线的化学作用，改善了核壳纳米线在常用有机溶剂中的溶解性能，为材料的湿法加工提供了基础，也为类似纳米材料的应用开拓了一种新的方法。

Studies show that the AM method and the new analytical expression are reliable and economical physical methods for studying full vibrational energy spectra and molecular dissociation energies of diatomic electronic systems theoretically, which are particularly useful for those diatomic systems whose high-lying vibrational energies may not be available.

结果表明，AM方法和新建立的离解能解析式相结合的理论方法对研究双原子分子及离子的完全振动能谱和离解能是行之有效的、简单经济的物理方法，为实验技术难以精确测量其高激发振动能级或离解能的双原子分子或离子体系提供了获得精确的完全振动能谱和体系离解能的一种理论新方法。

The results are as follows: 1 The ingroups studied are divided into four clades on the molecular phylogenetic trees that we reconstructed.

我们测定了斑腿蝗科10亚科20种蝗虫和其它蝗科3种蝗虫的16S rDNA序列片段，并从GenBank中下载了斑腿蝗科3种、其它蝗科10种及蚱总科2种的16S rDNA相应序列片段，然后对这共计38种蝗亚目昆虫的16S rDNA序列片段进行了同源性比较，以其中2种蚱作外群构建了蝗总科的分子系统树，得到的结论如下：1斑腿蝗科并非是一单系群。2该科中的切翅蝗亚科、稻蝗亚科、黑蝗亚科、秃蝗亚科、卵翅蝗亚科、蔗蝗亚科均不是单系群，分子系统树的聚类结果与基于形态特征的斑腿蝗科的分类体系有较大的出入。3支持将黑蝗亚科和秃蝗亚科合并为一个亚科——秃蝗亚科。4卵翅蝗、伪稻蝗和稻蝗三者有很近的亲缘关系。

Louise Arbour, head of the International Crisis Group, says the Sri Lanka model consists of three parts: what she dubs "scorched-earth tactics"(full operational freedom for the army, no negotiations with terrorists, no ceasefires to let them regroup); next, ignoring differences between combatants and non-combatants (the new Icg report documents many such examples); lastly, the dismissal of international and media concerns.

国际危机组织领导人露易丝阿尔布尔，说斯里兰卡模式由三部分组成：她戏称为&焦土战术&的战术（军队完全的自主行动权、绝不与恐怖分子谈判、绝不停火给恐怖分子重整旗鼓的机会）；其次，忽略战斗人员和非战斗人员的差异（国际危机组织一份新报告记录了很多这样的例子）；最后，不予理会国际方面和媒体方面的关注。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。