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Vanillin 58 was used as starting material, which underwent methylation, bromination, acetalization, lithiation followed by nucleophlic addition to aldehyde, Diels-Alder reaction, selective reduction and lactonization to produce diphyllin in an overall yield of 38%(7 steps).

这个方法从香兰素58开始，经过甲基化、溴化、成乙二醇缩醛反应、锂化而后对醛亲核加成、Diels-Alder反应、选择性还原反应和内酯化反应共7步，最后得到diphyllin，总产率38％。

Various affecting factors were investigated. When the amount of catalyst was about 0.5%（m-dihydroxybenzene,n／n）,the mole ratio of ethyl acetoacetate to m-dihydroxybenzene was 1.3∶1,the yield reached to 85.0% under 110℃ in 21 min.

考察了原料配比、催化剂用量和反应温度对产品收率的影响，得到较适宜的合成条件为：在110℃下，催化剂用量为0.5％，n∶n=1.3∶1时，反应21 min，平行实验的平均收率为85.0%。

First talk about price,price is about who would take the refined oil rose to an example,extract adrop of rose oil to 2000flowers,rose flowers yield about 500-750kg,in the international market price of Bulgarian rose oil also in the 6~8USD/kg is usually between.a rose flower oil rate for extreme III and,thus 10ml100%Rose oil prices for tho西方强国nds or even tens of tho西方强国nds.

起首讲一下价格，谈到价格很人城市拿玫瑰精精油来举例，提取1滴玫瑰油要2000朵鲜花，玫瑰的鲜花亩产约500-750kg，在国际市场上保加利亚玫瑰精油价格也就在6~8美元/kg之间。通常玫瑰鲜花的出油率为万分三，因此10ml100%玫瑰精油价格都要上千甚至上万。

The effective way to improve yield was to select soybean with good agronomic characters.

选择综合农艺性状好的品种是提高大豆产量的有效途径。

For the synthesis reaction of chalcone, cyclohexanone aldolization and biodiesel,γ-Al_2O_3-NaOH-Na solid superacid has a satisfactory catalytic activity. With hypnone and phenylaldehyde as raw material, amount of catalyst 7.5% wt% of material, mole ratio of hypnone and phenylaldehyde 1:1.1, reaction temperature 40℃, after 3 hours, the yield of chalcone can be up to 96.88%. With cyclohexanone as raw material, amount of catalyst 10% wt% of material, reaction temperature 190℃, after 3 hours, dimmer of cyclohexanone can be up to 85.66%.

将该固体超强碱催化剂应用于查尔酮、环己酮自缩合以及生物柴油的合成反应中，该改性固体超强碱催化剂表现出了良好的催化活性：以苯乙酮和苯甲醛为原料，反应温度为40℃，催化剂用量为反应物总质量的7.5％，苯甲醛与苯乙酮摩尔比为1：1.1，反应3h查尔酮产率可达96.88％；以环已酮为原料，催化剂用量为原料总质量的10％，反应温度为190℃，反应3h，二聚物的总收率可达85.66％；以动物油和甲醇为原料，醇油摩尔为9：1，催化剂用量为动物油质量的2％，反应温度为70℃，反应3h后，生物柴油的收率可达91.8％。

Add up to content to synthesize a lot of inadequacy in the method in view of amidine apperception, introduced a few kinds of new methods that synthesize amidine, enlarged the limits of raw material, raised yield.

鉴于脒类化合物合成方法中的诸多不足，介绍了几种新的合成脒的方法，扩大了原料的范围，提高了产率。

Presently, the main harvesting of Arundo donaxl is traditional manual ways, the working conditions are bad, the harvesting efficiency is low and the cost is high. To harvest Arundo donaxl on schedule and maintaining the quality and quantity is key to ensure the bumper harvest and yield, the croppers income and the timely supply as industrial material, the mechanization harvest has been urgent for the industrialization of Arundo donaxl planting and timely harvest.

然而，目前芦竹的收割仍主要采用传统的手工方式收割，劳动环境艰苦，收割效率低且成本高，按期保质保量收割芦竹是芦竹种植场丰产丰收，实现种植场农民增收和保证其作为工业原料来源的关键。

The results show that the duration of the 3 phases during the culture of cell suspension is related to the inoculum size, the initial nutrient concentration, the feeding of nutrients and the culture conditions such as temperature and dissolved oxygen, that the maximum cell yield reaches about 12g/L for batch culture or 35g/L for fed-batch culture in dry weight, that the saponin content of cells quickly increases in the bloom phase and keeps on increasing until the early stage of the declining phase, with a maximum saponin content of about 60~70g/kg in dry weight, that the conductance value of cell suspension decreases from more than 8000μS to less than 600μS with the growth of cells, but increases when the cells autolyze, and that part of cells turns red in the later culture, which has no apparent effect on the saponin content.

结果显示：细胞3个生长时期的持续时间与接种量、初始营养浓度、营养流加情况及培养条件有关；分批培养和流加培养时的最大细胞得率分别为12g/L和35g/L；细胞的皂甙含量在旺盛生长期快速上升，并保持增长至衰退期前期；干细胞中最大的皂甙含量达60~70g/kg；随着细胞的生长，培养液的电导值从8000μS以上下降至600μS以下，细胞自溶后逐渐回升。另外，培养后期部分细胞颜色变红，但没有发现颜色转变对皂甙含量造成影响。

This structure is unstable,and the proton is transferred from C6 to the sulfone to yield the bicyclic end product.

烯胺反应物也可先通过噻唑环内的氢迁移得到亚胺式反应物，从而得到亚胺式双环产物。

The acetate bicyclic guanidine as the catalyst is a nonmetallic and nontoxic organic compound; the method has low production cost, simple process operation, no pollution, a high product yield of more than or equal to 95 percent and a high product purity of more than or equal to 98 percent; and a synthesized biodegradable polymer has high biological safety.

催化剂醋酸双环胍为无金属、无毒有机化合物，生产成本低、工艺操作简便、无污染，产品产率高(≥95％)、产品纯度高(≥98％)；所合成的生物降解聚合物具有高度的生物安全性。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失