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The process does not depends on catalytic hydrogenization method, has simple reaction condition, high reactant yield all over 75%, can use TLC to track the whole reaction process, and is more suitable to the transformation of function group in the organic synthesis field as the result of N-Boc or N-Cbz derivative is easy to loss protective reaction, which has spreading application prospect.

该方法不依赖于催化氢化方法，反应条件简单，反应产物产率高，均在75％以上，反应过程可用TLC进行跟踪，且由于N-Boc或N-Cbz衍生物更易发生去保护反应，在有机合成领域更适宜于官能团的转化，具有广阔的应用前景。

According to these problems on interplanting maize with wheat, scientific and rational techniques for fertilization were made to increase utilizing rate of fertilizer as well as to ensure crop yield, improve quality, lighten pollution, decrease cost and increase efficiency.

根据此况，针对麦套玉米存在的问题，制定科学合理的施肥技术，可有效地解决上述问题，以达到提高肥料利用率，确保作物产量、改善品质、减轻污染、节本增效的目的。

In this thesis, we describe a facile and economical synthesis of-abscisic acid from keto-isophorone and 3-butyn-2-ol through ketalization, oxidization, Witting-Horner reaction, reduction with chromium sulfate and other steps in 13% total yields. Compared to the previous routes, the starting materials are more commercially available and cheaper and the synthetic process is more easily controlled in our method, but the yield of this route is still to be improved.As to isostere principle, cyclopropyl and methyl vinyl are a couple of isostere.

本论文设计并完成了一条全新的外消旋脱落酸(1)全合成路线，从廉价的工业原料氧化异佛尔酮和丁炔醇出发，经过缩酮化反应、氧化反应、Wittig-Horner反应、CrSO_4选择性还原反应以及水解等七步反应实现了脱落酸的全合成，总产率达13％，与以往路线相比，该路线所用试剂廉价、合成路线简单，但产率有待提高。

Results showed that biomass of the ground part of Juncus Effuses was inhabited to a certain degree. When the dosages of the heavy metals added to the soils were close to Grade II Criteria of the State Soil Environmental Quality Standard (GB15618-95), Juncus Effuses could still grow normally in appearance though its yield decreased by 10%, however biomass of the underground part was not much affected.

实验结果表明：5种重金属复合污染对灯心草地上部生长有一定程度的抑制作用，在土壤环境质量二级标准上限值处灯心草地上部生物量减产9.15%，0%，但地下部生物量减产趋势不明显。

The orthogonal test design was used to arrange sequent experiments to test the effect of the four main factors,i.e.,consistency of ethanol,times of reflux,extraction time and temperature on the concrete yield of Lysimachia foenum graecum Hance,and to establish the optimal extraction conditions.

用 L9(34 )正交设计法进行灵香草浸膏的提取试验，研究乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、回流次数对浸膏得率的影响，确定提取灵香草浸膏的最佳条件后，再对所得粗产品进行脱色试验，优选出粗浸膏脱色的最佳条件。

The same methods were used to study toluene dinitration, and the results indicated that the thermal runaway risks of these reactions were low too; prolonging dosing duration was helpful to the conversion of all nitrotoluene; decreasing the molar ratio of nitric acid to mononitrotoluene would make an insufficient conversion; among the given temperatures, rising reaction temperature couldn\'t markedly change the yield coefficient, but lead more heat generation and higher thermal runaway risk.

采用同样的方法对二段硝化反应进行研究，结果表明：二段硝化反应的热失控危险性也较低；延长加料时间，有利于反应完全；而随着硝酸与一硝基甲苯摩尔比的减小，硝化难以进行完全；在选定温度范围内升高温度，产物得率无显著变化，反而易导致放热加剧，增加体系的热失控危险。

In order to reduce pollution, nitrogen treatment of 100 kg/hm2 is suggested to select, which is not affect observably to plant growth and it yield.

为减少对环境的污染，建议在生产上考虑选择100 kg/hm2氮肥量，并不显著影响冬小麦的生长及最终产量。

The plastic hinge model of perforated liner casing is built up to calculate the collapse pressure according to the strength and deformation behavior of perforated liner casing subjected to external pressure. The calculation equations of collapse pressure of perforated liner casing with initial ovalization are deduced by energy method. The influences of phrase angle, diameter of perforation, shot density, initial ovalization, diameter-thickness ratio and yield stress on the collapse pressure of perforated liner casing are studied. The model and equations are used to calculate the collapse pressure of an actual perforated liner casing as example.

摘摇要：根据煤层气完井筛管受力特点建立了筛管受力的塑性铰模型，利用能量法推导出带有初始椭圆度筛管抗挤强度的计算公式，分析了相位角、射孔直径、射孔密度、初始椭圆度、径厚比和屈服强度等影响因素对筛管抗挤强度的影响规律，并对某煤矿使用的筛管抗挤强度进行了计算，与已有的实验数据和有限元计算结果进行了对比。

The plastic hinge model of perforated liner casing is built up to calculate the collapse pressure according to the strength and deformation behavior of perforated liner casing subjected to external pressure. The calculation equations of collapse pressure of perforated liner casing with initial ovalization are deduced by energy method. The influences of phrase angle, diameter of perforation, shot density, initial ovalization, diameter-thickness ratio and yield stress on the collapse pressure of perforated liner casing are studied. The model and equations are used to calculate the collapse pressure of an actual perforated liner casing as example.

根据煤层气完井筛管受力特点建立了筛管受力的塑性铰模型，利用能量法推导出带有初始椭圆度筛管抗挤强度的计算公式，分析了相位角、射孔直径、射孔密度、初始椭圆度、径厚比和屈服强度等影响因素对筛管抗挤强度的影响规律，并对某煤矿使用的筛管抗挤强度进行了计算，与已有的实验数据和有限元计算结果进行了对比。

The synthetic route starts from penicillin G, peroxyacetic acid(8.5%) as Oxidizing Agent to get penicillin G sulfoxide; esterifided with p-nitrobenzyl bromine to synthesize penicillin G sulfoxide ester; we synthesize 3-exomethylenecepham sulfoxide ester with phthalimide potassium and 4A molecular sieve as acid scavenger to open the ring, SnCl_4 as catalyzation to close the ring. The yield is over 60%.

本研究采用的合成路线为：以青霉素G钾盐为原料，选用工业过氧化氢制备的过氧乙酸(22.3%)稀释至8.5%为氧化剂，氧化得青霉素亚砜；采用对硝基溴苄为酯化试剂，制备青霉素亚砜酯；以NCP(N-氯代邻苯二甲酰亚胺)为开环试剂，酞酰亚胺钾和4A型分子筛为酸清除剂，顺利开环；再经无水SnCl_4催化闭环得3-环外亚甲基头孢亚砜酯，最终产率在60%以上。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！