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The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

研究主要内容和结果有：（1）得到指导梯度膜设计的几个准则：控制膜层厚度与接触半径比在0.8左右为宜；适当增加梯度层层数和顶层弹性模量，有利于提高抗屈服能力和改善界面处的应力状态；（2）通过对嵌入和滑动摩擦过程的分子动力学模拟，发现表层产生一个与宏观连续介质的塑性流动方向观测一致的45 方向位错；位错造成的不可逆变形和表面的原子堆积，是力的响应不可逆性的原因，也是构成摩擦力的主要因素；温度和嵌入速度对材料变形特性有显著的影响，当嵌入速度大于10 m/s时，屈服强度明显增加；（3）提出压痕裂纹密度系数β半定量判定膜层断裂韧性的方法；并开发出表面强化新工艺；（4）开发出分析表面摩擦学特性的MD-FE复合模拟方法和相应模拟软件。

The result indicated that the main factor that affect the biophysical potential (PS1 level) is the sunshine hours, and the actual lint yield was only half of the simulated lint yield on PS1 level, there is still a great yield gap to be shorten through the improvement of soil management, fertilizer use, irrigation scheduling, plant protection, etc.

由于空间数据库和模型的不完善，本文没有考虑其他气候风险类型，诸如霜冻、秋季低温等；黄淮海平原的大部分地区都具备灌溉条件，本文在分析棉花生产气候风险时，没有根据雨养条件（PS2水平）下的风险分析提供灌溉决策方案。

To help understand the concept of risk, the adviser points out that the stock S1, with average annual yield of 6% over the 12 years but minimal spread on yield, would probably be less risky than stock S4, which has a 12.5% average yield but appears quite volatile.

为了帮助理解风险的概念，该顾问指出，股票一，年均收益率为6 ％的12年，但最低限度蔓延的产量，很可能是风险小于股票中四至中，有 12.5 ％的平均收益率，但似乎很不稳定。

The yield of production test is 2 214.4 kg/hm~2, increasing yield by 12.6% compare to CK. soybean ; hefeng 43; high and stable yield ; breed selection and spread

针对黑龙江省大豆生产特点与存在的问题，积极选育高产稳产、抗病、优质、适应性广、适宜机械化收获的大豆新品种，是解决

In this paper, we studied community stability, forage quality and yield character about the mixed-sowing of Medicago sativa and Bromus intermis from 2003 to 2004 and using Factor Analysis, Principal Components Analysis methods and getting the yield forecast model with linear regress multianalysis method. The study provided theoretical foundation for establishing high yield and good quality artifical pasture.

本试验以紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦为供试材料，于 2003~2004 年对 6 个不同混播处理的群落稳定性、牧草产量及质量性状进行了系统的研究，并运用因子分析法、主成分分析法和多元线性回归的方法，建立了产量预测预报模型，结合经济效益评价和提高土壤肥力的因素，确立最佳混播处理。

The effect of zeolites ion-exchanged by transition metals on thermal catalytic cracking reaction is studied. The product distributions of the cracking reactions catalyzed by theβor ZSM-5 zeolites exchanged with transition metals are different from that catalyzed by corresponding Hzeolites, which means the mechanism of cracking reactions has varied. Group Ⅷ metals Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, Zn are shown to be of strong catalytic activity of oxidative dehydrogenation, while Ti and Cr are not of oxidative activity. Catalyzed by zeolites or catalyst containing Ag, conversion of thermal catalytic cracking reactions and the yield of ethylene increase while the yield of propylene does not decrease. Silver can not only promote the formation of carbonium ion, but also convert carbonium ion into free-radical via redox reaction. The weak adsorption of olefins on silver reduces the occurrence of hydrogen transfer and dehydrogenation. As a result, the yield of light olefins is favored by silver in the catalyst.

采用过渡金属交换的分子筛作为催化剂，进行催化热裂解制取乙烯的反应，研究发现，在β沸石分子筛和ZSM-5分子筛中引入过渡金属后，催化热裂解反应的产物分布与相应的氢型分子筛相比有了较大的变化，说明过渡金属的加入对于催化热裂解反应的机理具有影响，Ⅷ族金属如Fe、Co、Ni和第Ⅰ、Ⅱ副族Cu、Zn表现出较强的氧化脱氢活性，产物中氢气、焦炭的产率很高，Ti、Cr则未表现出氧化作用：分子筛及催化剂中引入银后，催化热裂解反应的转化率和乙烯的产率有了提高，丙烯产率没有很大的变化，说明银在催化热裂解反应中能够促进正碳离子的生成，又有可能通过氧化-还原作用部分改变反应机理，促进了自由基的生成，并且由于银对烯烃的吸附很弱，其氢转移反应和脱氢、加氢活性比较低，有利于烯烃产率的提高。

In order to provide theoretical basis and technological for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of a strong gluten wheat variety,Jimai 20,the experiment studied effects of the radio of nitrogenous fertilizer and potassic fertilizer on yield and qualitly of Jimai 20 under the field conditions with High-yield cultivation.

为了给强筋小麦品种济麦20优质高产配套栽培提供理论依据及技术支撑，在大田高产栽培条件下，研究了氮钾肥施用量及其配比对强筋小麦品种济麦20产量和品质的影响。

The final yield showed that the yield of plastic ridging and furrow drilling increased yield of conventional flat planting 1472.10 kg/hm^2, increased by 19.3%; increased 1844.79 kg/hm^2 compared with ridging and furrow drilling, increased by 25.4%, differences between different treatments were up to super remarkable level.

最终产量测定，起垄覆膜沟播冬小麦极显著的高于传统平作，比传统平作栽培高1472.10 kg/hm^2，增产幅度19.3%；比起垄沟播冬小麦最终产量高1 844.79 kg/hm^2，增产25.4%，差异均达到极显著水平。

5The height, length of leaves, width of leaves, fresh weight of single plant, fry matter weight of single plant, leaf areas of single plant, LAI, yield of single plant and yield components were reduced during drought stress at different growth stages. The decreased percent was the most great to grains per corncob at tasseling drought stress; hundred-grain-weight, at grain stage drought stress; yield of single plant, at booting-blossoming, and the extent was

不同生育时期干旱胁迫处理春玉米株高、平均叶片长度、平均叶片宽度、单株鲜重、单株干重、单株叶面积、叶面积指数、产量及产量构成因子均有不同程度下降。

But the rhizosphere effects on spring-sown maize and summer-sown maize were quit different. At level of N1 and N2, rhizosphere effects had decreased the dry matter, grain yield, crud protein yield and crud fibre yield, while increased the grain starch content and the ratio of amylopectin to amylase.

两个氮水平下，根际作用对春玉米生物产量、籽粒产量、粗蛋白产量、粗纤维产量表现负效应，而对籽粒淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量及支/直则为正效应。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。