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Reaction of citric acid with paraformaldehyde gave anhydromethylene citric acid with a yield of 63%;the reaction of compound with acetic anhydride gave the corresponding anhydride with a yield of 87%;the esterification of compound with lauryl alcohol gave anhydrocitric acid monoester with a yield of 76%.

将等浓度的柠檬酸和多聚甲醛加热，反应生成柠檬酸缩醛环酯，产率为63%；与乙酸酐反应得到相应的柠檬酸酐，产率为87%；与月桂醇酯化，生成产物，产率为76%；用二氧六环做溶剂，将与等浓度的碱进行开环反应，生成柠檬酸月桂醇单酯，产率为83%。

Atom, molecule or radical can be excited to a specific intermediate state by absorbing m laser photons, then the parent ion can be produced by absorption of another n laser photons. The ion yield can be increased drastically due to resonant absorption, comparing with the ion yield in non-resonant absorption. This multiphoton process is usully called Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization. REMPI technique plays an important role in detecting the high electronic excited states of atoms, molecules and radicals.

原子、分子、离子或自由基在同时吸收m个光子从下态共振跃迁到中间态后再吸收n个光子使其电离的过程中，下态和中间态的多光子共振吸收使得产生的离子信号强度比相应的非共振多光子电离得到的离子信号强度有很大的增强，该过程称为共振增强多光子电离REMPI。

In addition, the enzyme activity of high yield female plant, low yield female plant and acarpous female plant were compared.

此外，还比较了高产、低产、不结果雌株之间同工酶的酶带和活性差别。

In the aspect of yield optimization, the worst-case distance from the circuit parameter center to the acceptance region boundary are treated by the objective function of yield optimization.

在电路成品率优化方面，将当前电路参数中心到可行域边界的最坏情况距离，作为电路成品率优化的目标函数，利用梯度优化算法，使最坏情况距离达到最大，从而优化电路的成品率。

The results of agreement and accuracy test showed that the agreement index was above 0.85; the historical coincidence of the model reached 100%; the accuracy of cassava per-unit area yield model reached first grade while the accuracy of cassava planting area and total yield model was in second grade.

经拟合及精度检验，拟合指数均在0.85以上，历史符合率达100%，木薯单产模型为一级精度，木薯面积、总产模型为二级精度。

When the following two states appear, the Related Party Transaction will become the one of the main means of earnings management, and be positive relation to earnings management: to provide to drawing on 'ST' or to pick off 'ST' when the yield of net capital of listed firms is between 0 and 1%; or to issue additional new stocks or admeasure stocks when its yield of net capital is more than 10%.

上市公司的净资产收益率为01%时，公司为了扭亏；以及当净资产收益率为大于10%时，公司为了增发新股或者配股的需要，关联交易成为违规盈余管理的主要手段之一，这两种情况下的关联交易与盈余管理正相关。

In the part of producing TONALIDE, through single-factor-experiments , the highest yield of reaction condition was confirmed as: reaction time about 4 hours; reaction temperature about 20 ; the quantity of chlori-acytyl about 10g; the quantity of aluminum chloride 13-15g and the yield of reaction was as high as 90%.

在TONALIDE的合成部分，通过单因素试验，找到了反应收率最高的反应条件为：反应时间4小时左右；反应温度20℃左右；乙酰氯的用量10g左右；反应中的三氯化铝的用量13～15g，此时反应收率可达90％。

This paper introduces in detail the factors influencing the yield of the amino acetic acid with the chloroacetic acid ammonolysis process, and connecting with the production procedures, makes deep analysis, and puts forward some corresponding methods for increasing the yield.

详细介绍了氯乙酸氨解法氨基乙酸生产过程中影响收率的因素，并结合生产过程进行了深入分析，有针对性地提出了提高收率的办法。

The results indicate that the optimized sulfonylation reaction time is 4 h, the materiel rate of chlorosulfonic acid and 2-chloroimidazo[1,2-α]pyridine is 1.2 : 1, with ethylamine the yield increasing from 15.4% to above 70%; the optimized ammonolysis reaction time is 3 h and the reaction temperature is 27℃, with the acetonitrile yield increasing from 60.1% to above 79.6%.

实验结果表明，磺酰化反应的最佳反应时间为4 h，氯磺酸与2-氯咪唑并[1，-α]吡啶的用量比为1.2：1，加入三乙胺可将收率由15.4%提高到70%以上；氨解反应的最佳反应时间为3 h，反应温度为27 ℃，加入乙腈可将收率由60.1%提高到79.6%；方案经改进后，总反应时间缩短3 h，收率提高了5.5%。

Based on the complex potential method about the plane theory of the elasticity of an anisotropic body, stress distributions in the plate with multiple cracks are obtained by using the conformal mapping and the Faber series expansion. The equivalence yield stress considers the effect on plastic zones. The Swift strip yield criteria is used to predict the residual strength of plate containing multiple collinear cracks.

采用各向异性体平面弹性理论中的复势方法，应用保角映射技术和Faber级数展开，导出在任意载荷作用下多裂纹板应力场的级数解，引入当量屈服应力修正裂尖塑性区，并利用Swift韧带屈服准则建立含共线分布多裂纹结构的剩余强度分析模型，计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。

Liapunov—Schmidt method is one of the most important method in the bifurcation theory.

Liapunov—Schmidt方法是分叉理论的最重要方法之一。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。