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The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

The conveyed medium can't be leaked outside. Thus it will not cause the environmental pollution and human body safety dangerous while exhausting the toxin and flammable or corrosive medium. 5、No electricity. It's safe and reliable while using in the flammable and explore places. 6、It can be soaked in medium. 7、It's convenient to use and reliable to work. Only open or close the gas valve body while starting or stopping. Even if no medium operation or pausing suddenly for long time because of accident matters, the pump will not be damaged caused by this. Once over-loading, the pump will automatically stop and possesses the self-protection function. When the load recovers normally, it also can start automation. 8、Simple structure and less wearing parts. This pump is simple in structure, installation and maintenance. The medium conveyed by the pump will not touch the matched pneumatic valve and coupling lever etc. not like other kinds pumps, the performance will drop down gradually because of the damages of rotor, gear and vane etc. 9、It can transmit the adhesive liquid (the viscosity is below 10000centipoise) 10、 This pump needn't the oil lubricant. Even if idling, it has any influence to the pump. This is a characteristic of this pump.

所以抽送有毒、易挥发或腐蚀性介质时，不会造成环境污染和危害人身安全； 5、不必用电，在易燃、易爆场所使用安全可靠 6、可以浸没在介质中工作 7、使用方便、工作可靠、开停只需简单地打开和关闭气体阀门，即使由于意外情况而长时间无介质运行或突然停机，泵也不会因此而损坏，一旦超负荷，泵会自动地停机，具有自我保护性能，当负荷恢复正常后，又能自动启动运行； 8、结构简单、易损件少，该泵结构简单，安装、维修方便，泵输送的介质不会接触到配气阀，联杆等运动部件，不像其他类型的泵因转子、活塞、齿轮、叶片等部件的磨损而使性能逐步下降； 9、可输送较粘的液体（粘度在1万博以下）； 10、本泵无须用油润滑，即使空转，对泵也无任何影响，这是该泵一大特点

In this round of global stock market adjustment, the Hang Seng Index has fallen far less than the Shanghai Composite Index, but Hong Kong shares end stronger reason, there are several: First, A shares The current average price-earnings ratio of 15 times, while Hong Kong stocks average price-earnings ratio of only 8 times, funds flow to the lower, resulting in the recent Hong Kong stocks rose, while the A shares are still hesitate to move forward; Secondly, the central rate repurchase focus on the H shares, a price comparison of the most typical is now China's oil price of A shares for more than 10 yuan, while the H shares with the right stocks, only 5 more than the Hong Kong dollar, of course, which流通盘size factor, but China's oil major shareholders to buy back its own shares will not take this factor into consideration, if the major shareholders have to consider if the cost of repurchase, H shares more attractive is beyond doubt; and thirdly, the size of the non-lifting of the ban is still in circulation is the pressure in the A share market, the head of a big mountain, but a typical example is the recent Haitong Securities to the size of the non-lifting of the ban period, the outstanding shares for 2.3386 billion shares of Haitong Securities, the size of the non-even up to 79.9396 billion shares, although the size of non-release is gradual, all in circulation there is a process, but it hung a "barrier lake" effect of the market fears.

恒生指数的跌幅远远高于上海综合指数，但香港股市年底更有理由较少，有几个：首先，A股目前的平均价格市盈率为15倍，而香港股市的平均市盈率仅8倍的比例，资金流量较低，在最近香港股市上涨造成的，而A股仍毫不犹豫地向前推进；第二，中央率，H股回购的焦点，一个最典型的价格比较现在是中国的石油A股超过10元的价格，同时拥有股票的H股中，只有5比港币，当然，而流通盘的大小的因素，但中国的石油大股东回购自己的股票将不考虑这一因素，如果大股东要考虑如果回购成本，H股更具吸引力是毋庸置疑的，第三，大小非解禁仍是流通是在A股市场的压力，一座大山的头部，但一个典型的例子是最近海通证券的大小非，禁售期间解除为2338600000的海通证券，在大小非流通股股份，甚至高达799.396亿股，虽然大小非释放是渐进的，所有流通有一个过程，但挂着&堰塞湖&影响市场的担忧。

In this round of global stock market adjustment, the Hang Seng Index has fallen far less than the Shanghai Composite Index, but Hong Kong shares end stronger reason, there are several: First, A shares the current average price-earnings ratio of 15 times, while Hong Kong stocks average price-earnings ratio of only 8 times, funds flow to the lower, resulting in the recent Hong Kong stocks rose, while the A shares are still hesitate to move forward; secondly, The focus of the central enterprises to buy back into the H shares, a price comparison of the most typical is now China's oil price of A shares for more than 10 yuan, while the H shares with the right stocks, only 5 more than the Hong Kong dollar, of course, there are流通盘size factor, but China's oil major shareholders to buy back its own shares will not take this factor into consideration, if the major shareholders have to consider if the cost of repurchase, H shares more attractive is beyond doubt; and thirdly, the size of the non-lifting of the ban circulation is still pressure in the A share market, the head of a big mountain, but a typical example is the recent Haitong Securities to the size of the non-lifting of the ban period, the outstanding shares for 2.3386 billion shares of Haitong Securities, the size of the non-even up to 79.9396 billion shares, Despite the size of the non-release is gradual, all in circulation there is a process, but it hung a "barrier lake" effect of the market fears.

恒生指数的跌幅远远高于上海综合指数，但香港股市年底更有理由较少，有几个：首先，A股目前的平均价格市盈率为15倍，而香港股市的平均市盈率仅8倍的比例，资金流量较低，在最近香港股市上涨造成的，而A股仍毫不犹豫地向前推进；第二，重点中央企业将购回的H股，一个最典型的价格比较现在是中国的石油A股超过10元的价格，同时拥有股票的H股中，只有5较港元当然，有流通盘的大小的因素，但中国的石油大股东回购自己的股票将不考虑这一因素，如果大股东要考虑如果回购成本，H股更具吸引力是毋庸置疑的以及第三，大小非流通的禁令解除仍然在A股市场的压力，一座大山的头部，但一个典型的例子是最近海通证券的非规模的解除班期间，二十三点三八六亿海通证券，在大小非流通股股份，甚至高达7993960.0万股份，尽管大小非释放是渐进的，所有的流通有一个过程，但它挂1 &堰塞湖&市场担忧的影响。

Defects of goverment environmental responsibility and legal liability in our country are mainly embodied in eight aspects, such as "emphasize economic responsibility and legal liability while de-emphasize government environmental responsibility and legal liability","emphasize enterprise's environment obligations and their legal liability while de-emphasize government environmental obligations and its legal liability", and "emphasize government environmental powers while de-emphasize government environmental obligations "etc.

我国政府环境责任的缺陷主要体现在&重政府经济责任，轻政府环境责任&、&重企业环境义务和追究企业环境责任，轻政府环境义务和追究政府环境责任&、&重政府环境权力，轻政府环境义务&等八个方面。

"I think it's crucial to score an away goal in Europe," said Benitez. Arsenal is a team that can also score away from home but at least we now have this option in our hands for the second leg.

"我认为在欧冠中，取得一个客场进球是非常重要的"贝尼特斯说，阿森纳是那种在客场一样可以得分的球队，但是现在我们至少把第二回合的主动权掌握在手中了。

The act of doing away with or the state of being done away with; annulment.

废除，消灭消除的动作或状态；取消

Sixth chapter is "writing analysis of mountain of poet far away from home and the local poet". It discusses the writing highly homogeneous reason of poet far away from home and the local poet, and points out the different aesthetic standard from the resident and appreciator.

第六章「流寓诗人与本土诗人山岳书写分析」，讨论流寓诗人与本土诗人山岳书写高度同质性的原因，及源自观赏者与生活者不同的审美观而产生的异质性。

And E.N.E: Had they seen the Island, as I must necessarily suppose they did not, they must, as I thought, have endeavour'd to have sav'd themselves on Shore by the Help of their Boat; but their firing of Guns for Help, especially when they saw, as I imagin'd, my Fire, fill'd me with many Thoughts: First, I imagin'd that upon seeing my Light, they might have put themselves into their Boat, and have endeavour'd to make the Shore; but that the Sea going very high, they might have been cast away; other Times I imagin'd, that they might have lost their Boat before, as might be the Case many Ways; as particularly by the Breaking of the Sea upon their Ship, which many Times obliges Men to stave, or take in Pieces their Boat; and sometimes to throw it over-board with their own Hands: Other Times I imagin'd, they had some other Ship, or Ships in Company, who upon the Signals of Distress they had made, had taken them up, and carry'd them off: Other whiles I fancy'd, they were all gone off to Sea in their Boat, and being hurry'd away by the Current that I had been formerly in, were carry'd out into the great Ocean, where there was nothing but Misery and Perishing; and that perhaps they might by this Time think of starving, and of being in a Condition to eat one another.

如果他们发现这个小岛，我想他们一定会用船上的救生艇竭尽全力划到岸上来的。但看来他们一定没有看到小岛，只是鸣枪求救，尤其是他们看到我燃起的火光后，更是多次放枪。由此我头脑里出现了种种设想。首先，我想到，他们看到我点燃的火光后，必然会下到救生艇里拼命向岸上划来，但由于风急浪高，把他们刮走了。一会儿我又猜想，也许他们的救生艇早就没了，这种情况是经常发生的。当大船遇到惊涛骇浪时，水手们往往不得不把船上的救生艇拆散，甚至干脆扔到海里去。过会儿我又想，也许与他们结伴同行的船只，在见到他们出事的信号后，已把他们救起来带走了。我又想到，说不定他们已经坐上救生艇，可是遇到了我上次自己碰上的那股急流，给冲到大洋里去了。到了大洋里，他们可就糟了，那是必死无疑的。说不定这会儿他们都快饿死了，甚至可能正在人吃人呢！

Autobus service of living far away from working place: The high grade luxury autobuses have been prepared for each enterprise and company, which could supply the service of living far away from working place.

客车通勤服务：公司拥有高档豪华大客车，可为各企业、公司提供专业通勤服务。

Objective:To explore the feasibility of laparoscopy in diagnosing and treating of abdominal diseases.

目的：探讨腹腔镜用以诊断腹部外科疾病及选择治疗方案的可行性。

The lifetime of nylon 1010 and nylon 1010/POSS composites decreased with increasing temperature.

热重-红外联用分析表明尼龙1010在氮气气氛下的降解产物主要为小分子的低聚物，POSS并不改变尼龙1010降解产物的组成。