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Another important result is that, which can be easily drown from the figure of probabilities of the states vs pump power with different x, or the common logarithm figure of the populate probabilities vs x , the increasing of the concentration of Er ions increase both energy transfer which populate the state and the cross relaxation process which depopulate the state, but the total result is that ion number of high lying states increase with concentration.

从不同掺杂浓度下各态布居几率或粒子数与光强的变化关系图可以看出，虽然掺杂离子浓度的增大同时增强了产生上转换荧光能态布居的能量迁移上转换过程和消耗该能态布居的交叉驰豫过程，但两者竞争的结果是较高的掺杂浓度对产生高能激发态的粒子数有利。

These cycles, used in sometimes complicated combinations, are the daily cycle, with hymns for vespers, compline, the midnight prayer, matins, and the four canonical hours; the paschal cycle, which includes the period of Lent before Easter and the 50 days separating Easter and Pentecost and which is continued throughout the Sundays of the year; and the yearly, or sanctoral, cycle, which provides hymns for immovable feasts and the daily celebration of saints.

这些周期，用于在复杂的，有时组合，是每日周期，与赞美诗为晚祷， compline ，午夜的祈祷，晨祷，和4小时的典型；逾越周期，其中包括时期贷出复活节前和50天的分离复活节和圣灵降临节，这是继续在整个星期日的一年；和每年，或sanctoral ，周期，其中规定圣歌为不动产节日和日常庆祝圣人。

Therefore, in this article,we first discussed the compound negative binomial, it able to simultaneously fitthe claim size and the claim number. At the same time, we studied the sum of themutually independent compound negative binomial and the sum of the mutuallyindependent compound negative binomial with discount factor and the sum of themaximal compound negative binomial; Next, for the claim data to be better fitted, this article has establishedthe superposition distributed model about the weighted average of the discreterandom and has discussed the estimation method of the parameters of thesuperposition distribution; Once more, we in detail elaborated the NCD which based on the claim numberand the NCD which based on the claim size and the claim number. Besides, weestablished an applied NCD model which also based on the claim size and the claimnumber; At last, we introduced the rewards and punishment coefficient of automobiletravel region into the applied NCD model, availably consummated the present NCD.

因此，本文首先讨论了能拟合索赔额大小和索赔次数的复合负二项分布，并对相互独立的复合负二项分布的和、带有折现因子的相互独立的复合负二项分布的和以及最大复合负二项分布进行了研究；其次，为了更好地拟合索赔数据，本文建立了离散随机变量加权平均的叠加分布模型，并讨论了其中的权数的估计方法；再次，本文详细阐述了基于索赔次数的无赔款优待系统、考虑索赔次数和索赔额大小的无赔款优待系统以及应用型的同时考虑索赔次数和索赔大小的无赔款优待系统；最后，本文在无赔款优待系统中引入了汽车行驶区域奖惩系数，对现行的无赔款优待系统进行了完善。

C The profile is of berm, which the section below the berm is concave. Using the polynomial curve to fit the shapes of the mean profile, the exponential equation of the equilibrium beach profile in South China was established, which has a general form: y=〓+ C. 2 It's obvious for the beach processes to vary with seasons. The main variation processes of beach profiles are composed of four kinds of mode which are the equilibrium profile mode, the berm mode, the foreshore mode and the bar mode. 3 Beach systems of the arc-shaped coast in South China exhibit an wide range of morphologic and dynamic variability with respect to both time and local environment.

此外，采用多项式曲线对平均剖面进行拟合，建立了华南海滩均衡剖面的指数公式y=〓C+。2）海滩具有较明显的季节性变化，海滩剖面的变化模式一般可分为均衡剖面模式、滩肩模式、前滨模式及其沙坝模式等4种。3）海滩不同岸段的动力地貌状态在同一空间上的分布具有一定的连续性，在时间上具有一定的更替顺序。

The "should be "political philosophy suggested by Rousseau is an ideal conceivableness,which is can not achieve in the reality so that Rousseau emphasize the importance of moralize,therefore,Rousseau\'s political philosophy is also considered his philosophy of education,and the two have the same final target, the human\'s virtue and welfare,which responses the desire brought forward at the beginning of the dissertation by the way of logic and truth,which ask for keeping the virtue well.

卢梭对现代政治的批判建立在一种应是状态的政治哲学基础上，这种理想的构建，在现实中还不能实现，因此卢梭极力地强调道德教育的重要性，正是在这个意义上，我们说卢梭的政治哲学同时又是教育哲学，而它们的最终目标都指向人的美德与幸福，这就分别在逻辑层面和事实层面，回应了论文开篇提出的保证美德的要求。

In part I, after a brief historical study of the writings of new immigrants, we know the writings usually become a narration of experiences, which appears to be either popular fictions of American Dream, or private novels which concern with oneself only. Different from them, Yan"s novels show her quest for the common humanity, and insistently concerning of the living condition of the inferiors, which is absent in the writings of new immigrants. In this aspect, Yan"s novels break into a new field.

上篇通过对新移民写作简单的历史性追述，讨论由于新移民写作的体验性，它往往流于经验性的描述，不是写成"美国梦"的通俗小说，就是躲进小楼只关注内心世界的私小说，而严歌苓则以一个来自第三世界的女性知识分子的独特视角观照普遍人性，坚守对弱者生存的书写，弥补了新移民写作中漠视人文关怀的缺陷，其写作具有重大突破。

With its unique location as the main artery for traffic and trade in southwest China from time immemorial, the south " Silk Road " and the transfer station of " Ancient Tea Horse Route " from Tibet to, Lijiang plays an important role in transmitting flows of trades from central China to southeast Asia and communications between Chinese culture and foreign culture and keeps numerous historical cultural heritages here: Lijiang Ancient City with a reputation of " Plateau Gusu " and " Eastern Venice " firstly estabilished in Nansong Dynasty, protected completely and operated energetically now with national characteristics and local characteristics; Mu ' s Residence called the " Concretionary Ancient Naxi Music ", which was Mu ' s hereditary local office in Lijiang and rebuilt as the ancient town museum in 1998; and numerous ancient temples including Wenfeng Temple, Fuguo Temple, Puji Temple and Yufeng Temple etc. combined with central Chinese culture and local national culture and influenced by Tibetan cultural characteristics; the Baisha Mural with magic Dongba culture taking Naxi ancient religion as carrier and Dongba Classics as the main record manner and reflecting the unique national cultural history of Naxi minority with the only living Dongba hieroglyph in the world and the integration of Taoism, Han Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and Dongba culture, which becomes the state-level key protected cultural site; and those national culture and national traditional art with abundant cultural content, including Baisha residential buildings and Shuhe residential buildings with long history and unique characteristics and Moso folklore still with matriclan characteristics at Lugu Lake bank, which compiles a colorful article for civilizations.

由于区位独特，丽江自古以来就是我国西南交通贸易大动脉南方"丝绸之路"和由西藏入境的"茶马古道"的中转站，为中原至东南亚南来北往的贸易和沟通中原文化和外来文化影响的传送发挥了重要的作用，同时也在这里留下了众多的历史文化遗存：有始建于南宋，到现今也保护完好，运转鲜活，富有民族特点和地方特色，有"高原姑苏"、"东方威尼斯"美誉的丽江古城；有原为丽江世袭土司木氏衙署、1998年重建后改为古城博物院，被称为"凝固的纳西古乐"的木府，以及可见中原文化与地方民族文化结合，并受到藏族文化特征影响的文峰寺、福国寺、普济寺、玉峰寺等众多的古建寺观；神奇的东巴文化以纳西族古老的宗教为载体，以东巴经书为主要记录方式，反映了纳西族独特的民族文化历史，世界上唯一"活着的"东巴象形文字，融道教、汉佛教、藏传佛教以及东巴文化为一体，成为研究明代艺术奇珍的国家级重点保护文物白沙壁画；历史悠久、独具特色的白沙民居建筑群、束河民居建筑群，以及泸沽湖畔仍具有母系氏族特征的摩梭风情等具有丰富文化内涵的民族文化和民族传统艺术，为人类文明史留下了灿烂的篇章。

Therefore, the moist potential vorticity analysis associated with the mesoscale convective system was researched in the paper, so as to reveal the moist potential characteristics of mesoscale convective system in typhoon circulation. The results showed that, during the generation stage, convective instability characterized by MPV1 was a favorable condition for forming MCS, while the vorticity which was caused by the slantwise isentropic surface and the vertical shear of the horizontal wind characterized by MPV2 was an inspiring mechanism. The specific process was that, the atmosphere exhibited the feature of strong convective instability at the low level of convection areas and the southeast areas, which included plenty of erratic energy. The slantwise ascended the stream transfer the erratic energy to northwest, where the stratification stability was small. As decreased, the cyclonic vorticity increased. On the other hand, the vorticity caused by the slantwise isentropic surface and the vertical shear of the horizontal wind inspired the release of convective instability and as a result that the MCS formed. During the development stage, the cyclonic vorticity increased quickly with the persistent decreasing of . Meanwhile, the inclination of isentropic linewas bigger than the absolute momentum line at middle level, which exhibited the feature of conditional symmetric instability , then the conditional symmetric instability was forced to release by the vorticity resulted from the slantwise isentropic surface and the vertical shear of horizontal wind, and the MCS developed.

结果表明，在对流形成阶段，MPV1即对流不稳定为MCS的形成提供背景不稳定条件，由MPV2即湿等熵面的倾斜和水平风的垂直切变而引起的涡旋发展作为强迫机制：MCS形成的区域及东南区域中低层是强对流不稳定层，蕴含丰富的不稳定能量，倾斜上升运动把对流不稳定区具有强不稳定能量的暖湿空气向西北中层的中性层结区输送，由于的减小，气旋性涡度增强，有利于形成对流，另一方面，由于湿等熵面倾斜和低空急流加强而引起的涡旋发展作为一种强迫机制激发对流不稳定能量得到释放，从而形成对流；在对流系统地发展阶段，由于低层的对流不稳定性进一步减弱，进一步减小，气旋性涡度进一步增强，有利于MCS的增强，中层等θe 线的倾斜度比绝对动量M 等值线的倾斜度大，对应有条件对称不稳定区域，满足条件对称不稳定条件，在湿等熵面倾斜和台风低空急流作用下引起的涡旋发展强迫对称不稳定能量释放，从而使得对流得以维持和加强。

To let these similar pictures which were largely identical but with minor difference present themselves together, perhaps this was one of the real purposes, because only with such presentation could you see a realistic as well as a surrealistic world,a conjecturally invented as well as really existing world, a world which you have already placed yourself thereinto while you have no regard for, a world of "no value,but a value judgement itself",a world among which time and space has been twisted and interveined.

让这些看似大同小异的照片集体呈现，也许才是其目的之一，因为只有在这样的呈现中，你可以看到一个既是现实的却又是超现实的世界，一个既是臆想虚拟的却又是真实存在的世界，一个已经置身其中却又置之度外的世界，一个"没有任何价值，但本身就是价值判断"的世界，一个扭曲交错了时间和空间的世界。

The results show that the brush-plating coating is even and compact from section plane with good toughness and adhesion. The microhardness of the coating is 230.6HV0.5 which is 3 times of cast aluminium substrate. The wear resistance of the coating is 3 times of cast aluminium substrate. But the friction coefficient of the coating is 0.70 which is more high than that of the substrate, which is favorable for the fixed conjugate between the axis sheath and the axis seat of the gear-box.

结果表明，镀层厚度分布均匀、致密，镀层与基体界面清晰，未出现氧化物夹层，镀层的韧性和结合强度均较好；测得碱性铜及铸铝基体的显微硬度分别为230.6、74.2HV0.5；碱性铜的镀制使基体表面显微硬度及耐磨性均提高了2倍多，磨损状况明显改善。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。