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In his treatise Ars Cantus Mensurabilis,written around 1280,he describes a system of notation in which differently shaped notes have entirely different rhythmic values, this is a striking change from the early system of de Garlandia whereas before the length of the individual note could only be gatherd from the mode itself, this new inverted relationship made the mode dependent upon-and determined by- the individual notes or figurae that have incontrovertible durational values, an innovation which had a massive impact on the subsequent history of European music.

一书中，阐述了一个有着完全不同的节奏价值的、不同音符形状的记谱法体系，这是自早期Johannes de Garlandia的节奏体系以来的一个显著改变，在这之前一个音符的长度只能在它从属的节奏模式中找到答案，但是这个新的记谱体系却颠覆了这种两者间的联系使得节奏模式取得了独立，并由取得了绝对节奏价值的单独的音符或者连唱决定。

For on such occasions the canzone itself acts upon someone or something, whereas in the former case it is acted upon; and so in one case it appears as an action carried out by someone, in the other as an action perceived by someone.

因为在这样的场合歌曲自身作用于某人或某物，而前面的一种情况是它被作用；所以在一种情况下它看上去像由某人展开的一个行为，在另一种情况下它像是被某人接受的一个行为。

Capacitive coupling favors transfer of higher frequency components, whereas inductive coupling favors transfer of lower frequency components.

电容耦合是用于高频元件的能量传输，而电感耦合应用于低频元件能量传输。

Last year, the per capita of GNP developed countries was US$16,610, whereas

去年，发达国家的人均国民生产总值达到 16，610 美元，然而发展中国家的

The net photosynthetic rate of Rana at CO2 saturation point was higher than that of Denise significantly, whereas they had the same carboxylation efficiency.

红星在CO2饱合点的净光合速率远大于丹尼斯，但二者的羧化效率相同。

Several things revealed the carnality of Lot, who represents the carnal, compromising believer, whereas Abraham represents the godly, spiritual believer.

从几件事上可看出罗得是个属肉体的人，他代表与世俗妥协的信徒，亚伯拉罕则代表敬虔，属灵的信徒。

In the original text the Holy Spirit was said to have proceeded "from the Father," whereas in Carolingian Europe the text had been revised to say "from the Father and the Son".

在原始文本圣灵据说已经开始"从父亲"，而在欧洲法兰克的文本进行了修订，说："从父亲和儿子"。

Whereas the other saw its role as defending Christendom (see "St Stephen Preaching in Jerusalem" by Carpaccio, pictured above), provisioning Crusader ships and offering pilgrims trips to the Holy Land.

但是它又扮演了基督教护卫（见上图，卡巴秋，《在耶路撒冷传教的圣斯蒂芬》），十字军船只供给者和圣地的朝圣之旅提供者的角色。

Half of Venice's existence relied on maintaining good diplomatic relations with the Mamluks and Ottomans, whereas the other saw its role as defending Christendom (see "St Stephen Preaching in Jerusalem" by Carpaccio, pictured above), provisioning Crusader ships and offering pilgrims trips to the Holy Land.

威尼斯的存在，一半是靠了与马穆鲁克人和土耳其人保持良好外交关系，但是另一半它又扮演了基督教护卫（见上图，卡巴秋，《在耶路撒冷传教的圣斯蒂芬》），十字军船只供给者和圣地的朝圣之旅提供者的角色。

Whereas the Lancer -class ships were basically defensive platforms designed to do no more than keep pace with larger capital ships , and while the bulk cruiser was a cheap design known for its slow speeds, the Tartan -class was fast and agile, able to skirmish directly with enemy starfighters—displaying the same pace and agility as the same manufacturer's earlier Carrack -class light cruisers .

然而，蓝瑟级护卫舰基本上是作为一种防御平台而设计的，船速只要能跟上较大的资其他主力舰只就可以了，众所周知，大部分巡洋舰的设计都十分的简单而且船速较慢，但是格子级巡洋舰同戴莫瑞安制造公司更早时候研制的"卡拉克级"轻巡洋舰一样，是一种快速、灵活，能够追上并且直接与敌人的星际战斗机对抗的高速巡洋舰。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。