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By studying the influences that pH and SMTP act on the cross- linking reactions of potato starch and sweet potato starch, the cross-linking reaction mechanisms of PSPE and SPSPE were proposed and the chemical reactive velocity equations were determined. The relations between cross-linking reactions and temperatures were studied, meanwhile the activation energy of chemical reactions and apparent frequency efficient of cross-linking reactions were calculated. Technical conditions of preparing PEPS and SPEPS were determined.

3研究了pH值和三偏磷酸钠浓度对马铃薯淀粉和甘薯淀粉交联反应的影响，提出了低交联马铃薯淀粉磷酸酯和甘薯淀粉磷酸酯的交联反应机理，确定了化学反应的速率方程式，研究了温度对交联反应的影响，计算了马铃薯淀粉交联反应和甘薯淀粉交联反应的活化能和表观频率因子，确定了制备低交联马铃薯淀粉磷酸酯和甘薯淀粉磷酸酯的工艺条件。

We therefore revoke, with the approval of this sacred council, all exemptions that were first granted after the said Gregory XI's death, by any persons whomsoever claiming to be Roman pontiffs, even if perchance we ourselves with full knowledge approved or renewed the exemptions, without the party in question being heard, to any cathedral churches, monasteries (even those that were exempt but were later made subject to a monastery of a different order or tradition), chapters, convents, prelacies, benefices, places and persons whatsoever, if they had enjoyed no exemption before they were exempted in this way, but were simply subject to ordinary jurisdiction, and had no beginning before that time.

因此，我们撤销，在征得这片神圣的，所有的豁免都是首次批出后说，格雷戈里喜的死，是任何人，何人自称为罗马教宗，即使perchance我们自己的全部知识核准或延长豁免项目，但无党的问题正在审理，以任何大教堂教堂，修道院（即使是那些被豁免，但后来被置于一个修道院的一个不同的命令或传统），章，修道院， prelacies ， benefices ，地方和什么人，如果他们已不享受豁免才获得豁免这样，但只是受普通管辖权问题，并没有开始之前的时间。

objective to evaluate efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsyfor treating ureteral stones in situ,investigate the cause of higher re-treatment rate.methods total of 687 patients with ureteral stone were received eswl between january 2000 and december 2004,included 455 male(66.2%) and 232 female(33.8%) patients,6 cases have bilateral ureteral calculi,12 cases have unilateral multiple calculi.hence,together 709 ureteral calculi were treated.patients upper ureteral calculi were treated in the supine position,for lower ureteral calculi patients were turned prone.to reduce eswl-induced renal trauma and pain,using lower energy source,adjusted power setting from 9.8 to 13.2kv,limited 1500 shock wavs per one session.no auxiliary procedure were used before eswl.the stone size was measured as the surface area of stone length by stone width on x-ray film.the interval between two treatment sessions was two weeks.results of 709 ureteral calculi,the overall stone free rate was 97.3%(690 calculi),re-treatment rate was 34.1%(292 calculi).according to the performed treatment sessions,one session 467 calculi,the mean stone size 37.27mm2,stone free rate 65.4%(464 calculi).two sessions 138 calculi,the mean stone size 62.48mm2,stone free rate 18.4%(131calculi).three sessions 52 calculi,the mean stone size 79.60mm2,stone free rate 7.1%(50calculi).four sessions 19 calculi,the mean stone size 101.63mm2,stone free rate 2.4%(17calculi).fivesessions 33 calculi,the mean stone size 119.33mm2,stone free rate 3.9%(28 calculi).overall 19 cases(2.7%)turned to other treatment modalities.of 335 upper ureteral calculi,303 achieved stone free (95.8%),re-treatment rate was 38.5%(129 calculi).of 374 lower ureteral calculi,369 achieved stone free(98.7%),re-treatment rate was 30.2%(113 calculi).the re-treatment rate of upper ureteral calculi was higher than lower ureteral calculi(p＜0.05,χ2=5.40).the difference of stone-free rate between upper and lower ureteral calculi was no significant(p＞0.05,χ2=0.15).conclusion eswl should be considered first line therapy for ureteral stone still.stone burden are the main variable of higher re-treatment rate,upper ureteral stone may moving with respiring during eswl.so efficinet shock wave was decreared,re-treatment rate become higher.

目的 评估体外震波碎石治疗输尿管结石的疗效，探讨再治疗率高的原因及输尿管结石的治疗选择。方法回顾2000年1月～2004年12月间eswl治疗输尿管结石的临床资料687例，男455例（66.2%），女232例（33.8%），平均年龄46.6岁（15～83岁）。有双侧输尿管结石6例，单侧多发性输尿管结石12例（4颗1例，3颗2例，2颗9例），共计输尿管结石709颗（含透光结石13颗）。应用上海爱申公司生产的desunit6030型碎石机，c臂x线球管做结石定位。上段输尿管结石（肾盂输尿管交界处至骶髂关节上缘）取仰卧位，下段输尿管结石（骶髂关节上缘下至输尿管口）取俯卧位。为减少eswl引起的肾损伤和疼痛，应用较低的能量，震波发生器电压从9.8～13.2kv，震波频率1.5s。每次治疗设定为1500次震波。治疗后3天摄腹部平片或b超，以后每隔7日重复检查。假如结石未碎或有残留结石最长径＞3mm以上，再次eswl，两次治疗的间隔时间为两周。结石的大小用x线片上的表面积（mm2表示。结果 709颗输尿管结石总的治愈率为97.3%（690颗），再治疗率34.1%（242颗）。其中一次治疗467颗，平均结石大小37.27mm2，治愈464颗（65.4%），3颗改治疗；两次治疗138颗，平均结石大小62.48mm2，治愈131颗（18.5%），7颗改治疗；第1和第2次治疗治愈率（1个月治愈率）为83.8%。3次治疗52颗，平均结石大小79.60mm2，治愈50颗（7.1%），2颗改治疗；4次治疗19颗，平均结石大小101.63mm2，治愈17颗（2.4%），2颗改治疗；5次及5次以上治疗33颗，平均结石大小119.33mm2，治愈28颗（3.9%），5颗改治疗。总计19颗（2.7%）结石改变治疗方式。上段输尿管结石335颗，治愈321颗（95.8%），再治疗129颗（38.5%）。下段输尿管结石374颗，治愈369颗（98.7%），再治疗113颗（30.2%）。经χ2检验，上、下段输尿管结石的再治疗率差异有显著性（χ2=5.40，p＜0.05），治愈率差异无显著性（χ2=0.15，p＞0.05）。不良反应：血压升高13例（1.9%），震波区域疼痛26例（3.8%），震波进入处皮肤点状淤血33例（4.8%），肉眼血尿128例（18.6%），均于第2、3天自行消失。结论 eswl目前仍是输尿管结石的第一线治疗，结石的大小是再治疗率高的主要因素。结石的位置有影响，上段输尿管结石可随呼吸移动，有效震波次数减少，再治疗率比下段输尿管结石高。eswl前注重病例筛选可降低再治疗率。

Results: In HPC and Z n2+ induced groups, all the contents of MT and the activities of antioxida ses were obviously higher than those in H/R (P.05,P.01 respectively ). While using MT, the activities of SOD were progressively increased than contr ol(P.05), CAT and GSHpx activities were lower than control(P.01), bu t were significantly higher than those in I/R group(P.01). In MT antibody g roups, the activities of antioxidase were decreased extremely.

结果：HPC和锌诱导组MT含量及抗氧化酶的活力均显著高于H／R组P.05、P.01：外源MT处理后 SOD活力显著高于对照组（ P＜0.01，CAT和GSHpx活力虽然显著低于对照组但显著高于H／R组(P＜0.01)；使用M T抗体后，酶活力最低。

Samples were saponified with 20 g/L sodium hydroxide. The sexual hormones were then extracted with dichloromethane-acetic acetate (40∶1, v/v) under acidic conditions (pH 3, adjusted with 1 mol/L HCl ). An XTerraTMRP18 column was employed and a mixture of water-methanol-acetonitrile (50∶32∶18, v/v) was used as mobile phase. The seven sexual hormones were detected at 230 nm. The average spiked recoveries for the seven sexual hormones ranged from 75.6% to 97.8% with relative standard deviations of 1.9% to 7.2%. The linear ranges of determination were from 5 to 50 mg/L with correlation coefficients of 0.9999, and the limits of detection were from 3.7 to 12 ng.

先在试样中加入20 g/L氢氧化钠溶液与油脂进行皂化反应，然后用二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯(体积比为40∶1)混合液在酸性条件下(pH 3)萃取，选择XTerraTMRP18色谱柱，以水-甲醇-乙腈(体积比为50∶32∶18)混合液为流动相，在波长230 nm处检测。7种性激素分离良好并排除了样品中杂质峰的干扰，低、高浓度平均回收率范围为75.6%~97.8%；相对标准偏差为1.9%~7.2%；检出限为3.7~12 ng。

Methods 64 SD male rats were fed a normal diet for one week then they were randomly divided into two groups ,one was normal group（which were 12 rats）fed normal diet, the other , which were 52 rats fed high fatty diet for 12 weeks. At the end of 13th week, 2 rats from fed normal diet group and 8 rats from fed high fat diet group were scarified to test fatty liver model .

将雄性SD大鼠64只正常喂养1周后，随机分为正常组12只饲基础饲料，实验组52只给予高脂饲料饲食（含胆固醇2%，猪油10%，基础饲料88%），13周末随机抽取正常组2只、高脂饲养8只，验证高脂饲养大鼠脂肪肝形成。

In order to solve the frost heave and thaw settlement, the model tests were made in Tibetan Plateau. Two kinds of model were designed to horizontal drain structure embankment and the ventilation embankment in suit. The effect of horizontal plastic drain was analyzed in contrast with the ventilation embankment. The mechanisms of horizontal plastic drain were studied in permafrost, such as gravity draining in the superficial layer and structure stiffing in the embankment in the theory. According to the design theory, the parameters of horizontal plastic drain were confirmed in the embankment. The values of deformation were inspected by fiber monitor system in the permafrost embankment.

为了解决青藏高原的冻土浅层雨季雨水下渗和蒸发所产生的冻土冻胀与融沉问题，在青藏高原开展水平排水板结构性路基和普通通风路基的原位模型对比试验，并从理论上探讨水平排水板在多年冻土路基中浅层重力排水和结构加劲的作用机理，确定水平排水板的铺设参数；运用光纤监测技术对水平排水板在多年冻土路基中的变形进行监测，对比分析水平排水板铺设与否这2种条件下冻土路基变形监测结果。

Aimed at the arising problems such as the cross-incompatibility and hybrid's sterility during distant hybridization of fruit trees, effects of different treatments on cross-compatibility of distant hybridization in stone fruits were studied based on the former studies, then physiological and biochemical changes during hybridization between plum and apricot were primarily discussed, and rescue and culture system of hybrids' embryos were also conducted, further the genetic variation and principle between the hybrids and their parents were analyzed and methods of identification of hybrids were established.

针对果树远缘杂交过程中存在的杂交不亲和性及杂种不育性等问题，在前人研究的基础上，研究了不同处理对核果类果树远缘杂交亲和性的效应，并探讨了李、杏属间杂交过程中发生的生理生化变化以及花粉与柱头的互作，建立了李、杏属间远缘杂种的胚培养技术体系，建立了杂种鉴定检测方法，并分析了杂种后代与其父母本之间的遗传变异及规律，最终将一批远缘杂交新种质定植于大田，同时对自然界存在的杏梅种质资源进行了RAPD分析。

According to the morphological characteristic variations,4 body measurements,i.e.withers height,body length,chest girth and fore shin circumference were measured on the spot,and 25 items in 11 types of appearance character were describedand their phenotype frequencies were computed,14 coat color were classified andtheir frequencies were computed.

根据形态学特征的变异特点，对17个山羊群体的四项体尺即体高、体长、胸围、管围进行了现场测定，对11个类型的25项外形特征指标进行了分类描述和表型频率估计，对14种毛色类别进行了表型分类和频率估计。

Methods Fifty white guinea pigs with normal hearing were randomly divided into the control group, ligustrazine group and traditional Chinese drug group. The alternations of hearing function were evaluated by the examination of auditory brainstem response. Some specimens were perfused by AgNO3 and observed the damage of bristle cell. And some were sent for immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of iNOS. Results Compared with the control group, the threshold of ABR in ligustrazine group and TCD group were tignificantly different.

将50只健康白色红目豚鼠随机分为对照组、顺铂组和中药组，各组动物均于用药前及停药后测试听觉脑干诱发电位，采用耳蜗铺片观察毛细胞损伤情况，应用免疫组织化学方法测定各组动物耳蜗内iNOS的表达情况。

Now she was hungry and angry.She began to smoulder.

现在她又饿又气，她开始流露难以抑制的怒火。

You have placed our iniquities before You, Our secret sins in the light of Your presence.

诗90：8 你将我们的罪孽摆在你面前、将我们的隐恶摆在你面光之中。