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Investigatethe operation indication,ideas,complication of interlocking intramedullary nailand external fixation in open tibia and fibula fractures Documents and Methods:The 297cases of were selected from January 2000to February 2006inthe China-Japan Union hospital of Jinlin Universicity.They are of open tibiaand fibula fracture.The patients'ages were between 18and 60.they arebellowed type IlIa according to Gustilo,171cases were treated withexternal fixation;126cases were treated with interlocking intramedullarynail,all were followed-up for 6-18months.

资料与方法：胫腓骨开放性骨折患者共选择吉林大学中日联谊医院(或原白求恩医科大学第三临床学院)自2000年1月至2006年2月患者共297例，年龄18-60岁，胫腓骨开放性骨折患者按Gustilo分型均为IlIa以下型，其中外固定架组171例，带锁髓内针组126例。

Methods:Animal models of 25 adult mixed breed dogs were established by transverse osteotomy at bilateral iliopectineal crest,which were fixed with ATMFS anterior column connector and steel plate respectively. The animals were examined at 2,4,6,8,and 12 weeks by X-ray,macropathological observation and biomechanical test. Tetracin fluorescent labeling,HE staining,Masson triad colour staining,in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical method were performed and histological image analysis were applied.

建立犬双侧骨盆弓状线骨折的动物模型，分别采用ATMFS前柱固定器和5孔重建钢板内固定，于术后2、4、6、8、12周分别行影像学检查、大体观察及生物力学测试；采用四环素荧光标记法、HE染色、Masson三色染色法、原位杂交法、免疫组织化学法进行组织学观察并图像分析；采用RT-PCR法检测骨折端不同时期骨钙蛋白和核心转录因子mRNA相对表达量的变化。

Ten adult mixed breed dogs without significant individual difference were made transverse fracture at bilateral iliopectineal crest 1.5cm above the dome of acetabulum, which were fixed with ATMF'S or steel plate respectively. The animals were sacrificed and specimens were procured at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after operation. Samples from the fracture gaps were investigated by histology of HE and Masson staining, image pattern analysis of new bone formation.

方法］ 选用10只成年杂种家犬，双侧髋臼臼顶上方1.5cm处横形截骨，分别采用ATMFS（骨盆髋臼三维记忆内固定系统）前柱固定器和5孔重建钢板内固定，于术后2、4、6、8、12周处死动物取材，行HE染色、Masson三色法染色组织学检查，图像分析新骨形成积分光密度值，研究不同应力作用模式下的骨盆骨折愈合情况。

Method］Ten adult mixed breed dogs without significant individual difference were made transverse fracture at bilateral iliopectineal crest 1.5 cm above the dome of acetabulum, which were fixed with ATMFS or steel plate respectively. The animals were sacrificed and specimens were procured at 2,4,6,8 and 12 weeks after operation.Samples from the fracture gaps were investigated by histology of HE and Masson staining,image pattern analysis of new bone formation.

方法］选用10只成年杂种家犬，双侧髋臼臼顶上方1.5 cm处横形截骨，分别采用ATMFS(骨盆髋臼三维记忆内固定系统)前柱固定器和5孔重建钢板内固定，于术后2、4、6、8、12周处死动物取材，行HE染色、Masson三色法染色组织学检查，图像分析新骨形成积分光密度值，研究不同应力作用模式下的骨盆骨折愈合情况。

［Objective］To explore the effect of continuous physiological osteogenic stress on the bone healing of canine iliopectineal crest.［Method］Ten adult mixed breed dogs without significant individual difference were made transverse fracture at bilateral iliopectineal crest 1.5 cm above the dome of acetabulum,which were fixed with ATMFS or steel plate respectively. The animals were sacrificed and specimens were procured at 2,4,6,8 and 12 weeks after operation.Samples from the fracture gaps were investigated by histology of HE and Masson staining,image pattern analysis of new bone formation.

探讨持续顺应生理力线的压应力对犬骨盆弓状线部骨折愈合的影响［方法］选用10只成年杂家犬，双侧髋臼臼顶上方1.5 cm处横形截骨，分别采用ATMFS(骨盆髋臼三维记忆内固定系统)柱固定器和5孔重建钢板内固定，于术后2、4、6、8、12周处死动物取材，行HE染色、Masson三色法染色组织学检查，图像分析新骨形成积分光密度值，研究不同应力作用模式下的骨盆骨折愈合情况。

ResultsIn group C and D hyperplasia of epithelium cell and infiltrations of inflammative cell in day 14 that were severe than that of day 7,ciliate cell was piece loss,the glands were hyperplasia（≥40% of group C,≤20% of group D）in windpipe,and pulmonary alveolus were congestion and dropsy.In group C the epidermis were pucked and connective tissue was hyperplasia in the skin,the quantity of hair ball and the sweat glands of group C and D in the food were significantly reduced than that of group A.

结果第14天时，C组、D组气管上皮鳞状化生，C组气管纤毛多呈片状缺损，而D组多呈灶状缺损；两组气管黏膜炎性细胞浸润均较第7天为重，伴气管浆液腺上皮黏液腺化生（D组≥40%、C组≤20%）、肺泡淤血、水肿。C组皮肤表皮呈不规则皱缩、毛球数明显减少；C组、D组足垫部皮肤表皮增厚、汗腺减少伴结缔组织增生。

From normal nutrition component, meat of male catties were the best, while female catties were the worst. Also such items as inosinic acid imp, dissociative glutamine, vitamin Bj,pH, the diameter and area of muscle fibre were the highest in male catties, while in female catties, were the lowest. The above items, except vitamin B1, were significantly different among three sex P.

对于常规营养成分，公牛最优(主要体现为高蛋白低脂肪)，阉牛次之，母牛较差；肌苷酸、谷氨酸钠、硫胺素、pH值、肌纤维直径、肌纤维面积等也均以公牛最高，阉牛居中，母牛最低，除硫胺素外，差异均显著(P＜0.05)。

5 And 5.0 mg/kg bleomycin were given intratracheally to every 15 mice in the bleomycin group, respectively. The mice in the control group were administrated the same volume of normal saline. Twenty-eight days after model establishment, all mice were sacrificed. Their left pulmonary lobe tissues were removed from mice and used for pathological section observation, and the right pulmonary lobe tissues were used for the hydroxyproline contents measurement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The survival condition of mice in 28 days.

60只小鼠随机数字表法分为博莱霉素组(n=45)和对照组(n=15)，博莱霉素组各选15只动物分别气管内注射不同剂量(2，3.5，5 mg/kg)的博莱霉素，对照组气管内注射相同体积的生理盐水，所有小鼠于造模后第28天处死并取其左肺叶制作病理切片，右肺叶作羟脯氨酸含量测定。

Results (1)In the group (109 eyes) with preoperative intraocular pressure≤21mmHg,sixty-four eyes were treated with trabeculectomy,and 31 eyes with slerectoiridectomy of which there were 9(14.1%) and 7(20.6%) eyes had undergone PAC respectively.There was no PAC in 11 eyes treated with iridencleisis;(2)In the group(175 eyes)with PIOP from 22 to 35 mmHg,there were 26 eyes(25.2%) and 15 eyes(32.6%) developing PAC of 103 eyes treated with trabeculectomy,and 46 eyes with slerectoiridectomy respectively,of 26 eyes with iridencleisis,there were 5 eyes(19.2%) developing PAC;(3)In the group(106 eyes)with PIOP＞35mmHg,there were 13 eyes(31%) developing PAC of 23 eyes with trabeculectomy,5 eyes(21.7%) developing PAC of 23 eyes with slerectoiridectomy.

结果 (1)术前眼压≤21mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)者109只眼，小梁切除术64只眼，术后浅前房9只眼，占14.1%，巩膜咬切术31只眼，术后浅前房7只眼，占20.6%，虹膜嵌顿术11只眼，术后无浅前房发生；(2)术前眼压22-35mmHg者175只眼，小梁切除术103只眼，术后浅前房26只眼，占25.2%，巩膜咬切术46只眼，术后浅前房15只眼，占32.6%，虹膜嵌顿术26只眼，术后浅前房5只眼，占19.2%；(3)术前眼压＞35mmHg者106只眼，小梁切除术42只眼，术后浅前房13只眼，占31%，巩膜咬切术23只眼，术后浅前房5只眼，占21.7%，虹膜嵌顿术41只眼，术后浅前房5只眼，占12.2%。

Results 107 patients were treated with half gland and isthmic portion excision, 43 patients among which were treated with lymph node dissection ;306 patients were treated with half gland and isthmic portion and majority opposite side excision,163 patients among which were treated with lymph node dissection ;and both side of thyroid was removed with half lymph node dissection in 46 patients; 1, 3 and 5 years surviving rate of thyroid carcinoma after operation were 99.0%, 96.5% and 92.6%.

结果 单侧腺叶，峡部切除64例；单侧腺叶，峡部加同侧颈淋巴结清除术43例；单侧腺叶，峡部，对侧腺叶次全切143例；单侧腺叶，峡部，对侧腺叶次全切加同侧颈淋巴结清除术163例；双侧甲状腺全切术加一侧颈淋巴结清扫术46例；局部姑息性切除术28例。

Liapunov—Schmidt method is one of the most important method in the bifurcation theory.

Liapunov—Schmidt方法是分叉理论的最重要方法之一。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。