查询词典 weak convergence

The conclusion is that there is noσconvergence, but existsβabsolute convergence in Jiangsu regional financial development. Meanwhile there also presents"club convergence"at some extent.

文章同时还利用σ、β以及"俱乐部"检验等方法，对江苏区域金融发展差异的收敛性进行了多指标、多角度的检验。

The results show that absolute convergence does not exist in rural economics among provinces, indicating that the economics growth of undeveloped provinces is not faster than that of developed provinces. However, the economic development in rural China is characterized by the conditional convergence, that is, if the decisive factors stability is insured, the economic growth of undeveloped provinces would be faster than that of developed provinces. Thus, the disparity among them could be narrowed.

结果表明：我国农村省际之间经济并不存在绝对收敛，即落后省份经济的增长并不比发达省份增长快；但是存在条件收敛，即在控制了稳态的决定因素之后，落后地区的经济增长快于发达地区的经济增长，从而使差距缩小；在影响条件收敛的诸因素中，人力资本，产业结构以及科学技术对我国农村经济条件收敛的贡献最大。

It also applies kernel density estimation method to investigate the accumulative relative productivity and the dynamic evolvement of its distribution. The result shows that there exists no country level absolute convergence of the provincial productivity whether incorporating environmental factors or not. The provincial TFP index is in a divergence trend and the provincial technical efficiency index has a convergence trend when incorporates environmental factors.

无论是否考虑环境因素，代表东、中、西三大区域的虚拟变量均不显著，表明不存在俱乐部收敛；当所考虑的控制变量为基础设施水平、工业化水平、经济开放度、能源强度时，所有的控制变量皆不具有统计显著性，表明不存在条件收敛。

From the industry to observe,the author discovers that the regional gap of the secondary industry was the primary contributor,but the rate of was descending.The third industry was becoming the important contributor.The industry structure adjusting and the agglomeration of the third industry and the secondary industry are the primary reason of the forming of the disparity of between the east and the rest areas.In the 1978 to 2005,the absolute convergence of economic growth didn't occur,the other way round,the club convergence of economic growth occurred in the east and in the middle.The speed of the economic growth in the east was higher about 1 centigrade than the middle and the developing west,and was higher about 2 centigrade than the west.

从以省区为单元的中国地区经济发展差距形成的产业构成来看，第二产业的地区差距长期以来都是中国地区经济发展差距的主要贡献者，居主导地位：但是随着第三产业产值比重的提高和第三产业地理集聚的非均衡性扩大(1990年以后)，第三产业的地区差距正逐渐演变为以省区为单元的中国地区经济发展差距形成的主要贡献者。1978-2005年期间，中国地区经济增长并没有出现绝对收敛趋势，而是表现为东中部地区内部的"俱乐部"收敛。1978-2005年东部地区经济增长速度比中西部地区更快，东部地区平均经济增长速度比中部地区高1个百分点左右，比西部地区高接近2个百分点，地区间经济增长速度存在显著的差异。

Convergence of semi-iterative method was discussed by Varga, Young and HU Jia-gan when iterative matrix is symmetric. In this paper, using Chebyshev polynomial and its properties, we obtain the convergence of semi-iterative method for a class of antisymmetric iterative matrix.

本文依据Varga， Young，胡家赣书中介绍的迭代矩阵为对称阵时，半迭代法的收敛性的理论，以Chebyshev多项式及其基本性质作为基本工具，对一类反对称迭代矩阵，研究其半迭代法的收敛情况。

The relationship between transient response and shape design variables is highly non-linear, and the behavior of feasible domains is often not good, which may cause convergence difficulties. In order to improve convergence speed of iteration process, some algorithms the feasible domains adjusting, the adaptive move limit, the approximate line search and the approximate reanalysis, are adopted.

采用基于Newmark积分的直接求导法计算瞬态响应灵敏度，在序列二次规划算法中采用了可行域调整、近似—维搜索、自适应运动极限等改进技术，提高求解效率和收敛稳定性，以解决结构动态响应与设计变量的关系复杂、高度非线性，优化可行区域的性态不良等问题。

In chapter 2, we sets up the convergence theory of the alternating method for solving Hermitian positive definite systems of linear equations, and establishes the corresponding comparison theorem on its asymptotic convergence rate.

第二章首先介绍当系数矩阵是Hermitian正定矩阵时经典交替迭代法的收敛理论和相应的比较理论，同时我们给出了当分裂不同时对迭代渐进收敛率的影响。

A differential difference type adaptive law and an adaptive iterative learning controller are constructed to ensure the asymptotic convergence of tracking errors in the sense of square error norm on the finite interval, by introducing a Lyapunov-like function, a sufficient condition of the convergence of the method is given.

通过引入微分－差分自适应学习律，设计了一种自适应控制策略，使得跟踪误差在一个有限区间上的积分渐近收敛于零；通过构造Lyapunov-like函数，给出了闭环系统收敛的一个充分条件。

Hence we first propose a globally optimized random search algorithm and prove its asymptotic global convergence; then to improve its convergence velocity and reduce implementation complexity, we propose a practical sub-optimal random search algorithm and analyze its implementation complexity.

为此本文首先给出了一种用于OFDM符号估计的全局最优随机搜索方法，并证明了其渐进全局收敛特性；同时为了改进全局最优的随机搜索算法的收敛速度和实现复杂度，提出了一种可实现的次优的随机搜索算法，并结合实现分析了所提的次优随机算法的计算复杂度。

We introduce the general sigma point selection framework, and give two kinds of efficient methods: a reducing the computing complexity by decreasing the number of the sigma point; b scaling the sigma points to influence the effects of the higher order moments, then improve the accuracy of the UT; c Convergence analysis of the UKF, when used as an observer for nonlinear deterministic discrete-time system, is presented. Based on the UKF that captures the posterior mean and covariance accurately to the second or third order term (in terms of Taylor series expansion) for any form of nonlinearity, sufficient conditions to ensure local asymptotic convergence are established.

论文介绍了sigma点的一般选取规则，并给出了两种有效的方法：a通过减少sigma点集合的元素的数目来减少计算复杂度，b通过增加参数来逼近泰勒展开的高阶项，从而提高UT变换的精度；c论文研究了UKF算法应用于非线性确定性离散时间系统时的收敛性问题。

Liapunov—Schmidt method is one of the most important method in the bifurcation theory.

Liapunov—Schmidt方法是分叉理论的最重要方法之一。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。