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The plasma ignition threshold of metal is got through experimental and numerical study. The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air .

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值210倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q－YAG激光器（波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns），靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随著波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

Moreover, their optimum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength are studied and chosen. The fluorescent property of carbaryl and metolcarb in different pH was studied, and the working curve was established according to the optimized experiment condition.

研究了农药的分子结构与其自然荧光特性关系，实验研究了这几种农药的激发光谱、荧光光谱特性以及本底溶剂的荧光光谱特性，研究并选择了它们的最佳激发和荧光发射参数，实验研究了不同pH值下西维因、速灭威等农药的荧光特性，测定了农药工作曲线。

Transmittance of the Fruit Raising Inner Pouch is 0-5% at the wavelength of 400nm and 21.2 % at the wavelength of 700nm.

使其在波长400nm处内袋纸的透光率在0～5％范围内，在波长700nm达到21.2％。

The product has green-yellow fluorescence at excitation wavelength of 355 nm and emission wavelength of 478 nm, and the fluorescence intensity could be enhanced in the presence of acetone.

三、流动注射在线氧化荧光法测定氯普噻吨的的研究利用在硫酸介质中二氧化铅可使无天然荧光的氯普噻吨氧化而转变为在最大激发波长和最大发射波长分别为393nm和452nm的强荧光物质，而且丙酮对该荧光体系有强烈增敏作用的现象，建立了以醋酸纤维素固定化的二氧化铅作为固相反应器的流动注射在线氧化荧光法测定氯普噻吨的新方法。

Flow injection fluorometry for the determination of carbamazepine in pharmaceuticals and plasmaA simple, sensitive and specific spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of CBZ. The method was based on lead dioxide solid-phase reactor flow injection on-line oxidizing CBZ into fluorescent product in medium of phosphoric acid. The product has green-yellow fluorescence at excitation wavelength of 355 nm and emission wavelength of 478 nm, and the fluorescence intensity could be enhanced in the presence of acetone. The reaction conditions and experimental conditions were studied and optimized.

二、流动注射在线氧化荧光法测定卡马西平的研究利用卡马西平自身无荧光，经过氧化后可转变为在最大激发波长为355nm，最大发射波长为478nm的强荧光物质，而且丙酮对该荧光体系有增敏作用的现象，应用流动注射体系建立了以醋酸纤维素固定化的二氧化铅作为固相反应器、在磷酸介质中在线氧化荧光法测定卡马西平的新方法。

Slit mechanism can limit the beam angle, hold excrescent light and select wavelength on Beam Line. The opening width of the exit slit determines bandwidth of wavelength to be measured, and has a direct influence on resolution and photon flux of optical system.

狭缝装置在光束线上起着限定光束张角，阻挡杂散光，波长选择等作用，狭缝的宽度决定了待测辐射的波长带宽，直接影响着光学系统的分辨率和光通量。

The results suggested that the interruption growth could modify the size of InGaN QDs and extend the emission wavelength to the short wavelength region, and at the same time improve optical quality of the QDs.

优化的中断成长参数可以增加量子点的密度和发光效率。对未来制作氮化铟镓量子点的电激发式发光元件提供了良好的基础。

Compare with tunable filter detection technique, the wavelength measurement technique using tunable source is analyzed theoretically. We design a kind of all-fiber sensing interrogation system, by using long-period fiber grating as edge filter to interrogate the sensing signal of the FBG sensor. The wavelength resolution of the sensing measurement is 0.05nm.A novel FBG Bourdon tube sensor has been constructed, utilizing the pressure mechanic amplify function of Bourdon tube. The measured pressure sensitivity is two orders of magnitude higher than a simple monomode fiber with an in-fiber grating. Especially the pressure sensitivity of the sensor can be determined by changing the parameters of the cantilever beam. Adopting polymer package technique, we coat fiber Bragg grating by using polymer with different mechanic properties.

利用波登管对于压力的机械放大作用，研制了一种新颖的光纤光栅波登管压力传感器，将FBG的压力灵敏度提高了两个数量级，特别是这一传感器的压力灵敏度的大小可以通过改变悬臂梁自身的参数灵活控制；采用聚合物封装技术，将FBG封装于具有不同力学特性的有机聚合物基底中，利用基底的带动作用，将FBG对压力的灵敏度分别提高了20倍和31.7倍，由于我们采用了特殊的工艺，封装后的FBG不出现任何光栅啁啾；在成功封装的基础上对封装光栅的蠕变效应、FBG与封装材料之间的防滑处理等进行了实验研究；设计了外加圆柱形铝管的聚合物封装光纤光栅，将FBG的压力灵敏度提高了1430倍，可用于对微小压力变化的精确测量。

Each ultraviolet light pipe with 8w254nm8w365nm has ultraviolet ray filter of 150mm×70mm square meters which could be use separately by shore wavelength of long wavelength or both.the largest feature of the appliance is all-sealing design,to be used at all times,low power consumptionlong-time using.

本仪器采用2支8w254nm 和2支8w365nm 的紫外灯管，紫外滤光片的面积为150mm×70mm ，使用时可单独使用短波波长或长波波长，或者同时使用两个波长，本仪器最大的特点是全封闭设计，可随开随用，电耗功率小。

Each ultraviolet light pipe with 8w254nm and 8w365nm has ultraviolet ray filter of 150mm×70mm square meters which could be use separately by shore wavelength of long wavelength or both.the largest feature of the appliance is all-sealing design,to be used at all times,low power consumption and long-time using.

本仪器采用2支8w254nm 和2支8w365nm 的紫外灯管，紫外滤光片的面积为150mm×70mm ，使用时可单独使用短波波长或长波波长，或者同时使用两个波长，本仪器最大的特点是全封闭设计，可随开随用，电耗功率小。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。