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Analysis on benefit and loss of soil and water conservation for construction projects, means that according to the request of scientific development view, harmonious society and the person and nature get along harmonious, Studying thoroughly on the benefit and loss of soil and water conservation of construction projects, exploring and establishing appraisal index system of soil and water conservation. Analyzing and appraising the benefit and loss of soil and water conservation for construction projects qualitatively, quotably, comprehensively, systematically and scientifically. It can provide the scientific basis for technical demonstration and administrative examination for soil and water conservation scheme.

开展开发建设项目水土保持损益分析研究，就是按照科学发展观、和谐社会、人与自然和谐相处的要求，深入研究开发建设项目的水土保持损益，探索建立水土保持损益评价指标体系，定性、定量、全面、系统、科学地分析和评价开发建设项目的水土保持收益与损失，为水土保持方案的技术论证、行政审批提供科学依据。

The carrying capacity of water resources and water environment in Yellow River basin is faced with a huge challenge, such as vegetation destruction, water and soil erosion, riverbed run-up, watercourse shrinkage, water shortage, frequency breakage flow, severity pollution, water quality deterioration, trace to the source and sendiment, coast erosion and regradation.

植被破坏、水土流失，河床抬高、河道萎缩，水源匮乏、频繁断流，污染严重、水质下降，朔源淤积、海岸蚀退等表明黄河流域水资源与水环境的承载能力面临着极大的挑战。

This paper also analyses the effect of water deficit on water use, yield, fruit quality, crop coefficient, water use efficiency and economical benefit, and achieved the followings:⑴The research of the water deficit treatment and rewater domino effect significantly test that proper water deficit can regulate and control stomal open degree efficiently, reduce the overtranspiration of leaves, stimulate the compensating effects.

更多水效应研究，进一步证实了适度水分亏缺可以有效调控梨枣树叶片气孔开度，降低叶片过多的蒸腾耗水，并刺激树体诱发补偿效应，初步揭示了调亏灌溉提高果树叶片水平水分利用效率的机理与水分亏缺引起的&干湿交替过程&对气孔的调控机理，从果树生理角度进一步证实了调亏灌溉的节水机理。

In order to do research on pipe flow and pump characteristics of polymer flooding and water flooding rod-pumped well in especially high water-cut stage, rheometric test aimed at production stream from polymer flooding and water flooding rod-pumped well in especially high water-cut stage has been made, and the characteristic of production stream in especially high water-cut stage is confirmed as Newtonian fluid. Experiments using different mediums about pipe flow and pump characteristics is made. Frictional resistance and coefficient of friction resistance of annulus fluid between sucker rod and the pipe flow is calculated under different working conditions. Frictional resistance between plunger and pump barrel under different parameters is calculated based on related theory of pump characteristic and the strained analytical model of oil-well pump. Besides, using the theory of slit flow and hydraulic -clamping pressure, the frictional resistance is calculated, and the error between the result and measured value is no more than 13%.

为研究特高含水期水驱及聚驱抽油机井管流特性与泵特性，本文针对特高含水期水驱及聚驱井采出液进行了流变性试验，确定了特高含水期油井采出液的性质属牛顿流体；利用不同介质，进行管流特性与泵特性试验，得到了不同工况下杆、管环空流的摩擦阻力和摩阻系数；根据泵特性相关理论和抽油泵受力分析模型，计算了不同参数下柱塞与泵筒间的摩擦阻力，并利用缝隙流与液压卡紧力理论对柱塞与泵筒间的摩擦阻力进行了计算，计算结果与实测值误差在13%以内。

After water attaining a designated standard,some reclaimed water went industry's,some went farmland irrigation,the rest for storage which mainly used in farmland irrigation,forestry,con—servation of water and soil tO reduee it to discharge into the South-to-North Water Diversion Project／or guaranteeing the water quality which was the key research item.

充分利用中水灌溉以减少其排入南水北调输水干线，保证调水水质，是南水北调工程研究的重要项目，现就截污导流中水灌溉充分利用情况进行了分析。

Under the industrialization and market of water supply enterprise, it uses the tool of SFOT strategy analysis by the development of theory and policy of water supply. It puts up with market competition strategy of Shangrao water supply enterprise by strategetic analysis and matching. That is to say, by market penetration, market development and product development to make water supply enterprise grow densely. it will improve the assistance of the development of water supply by analysis of resources of strategy and combination of market.

在推进水业产业化和市场化的背景下，根据供水发展战略的理论与政策，运用SWOT战略分析工具，通过细致的战略分析与战略匹配，提出了上饶市自来水公司的市场竞争战略：即通过市场渗透、市场开发和产品开发策略使供水主业实现密集性成长；通过对企业战略资源的分析，结合市场情况，将大力推进供水辅业的快速、健康发展。

Firstly, virtual water contents were calculated for primary farm products and for virtual water consumption of residents in Jiangxi Province in 2000. The virtual water contents of crops was 284.81×108 m^3, and the virtual water consumption of rural residents 670.17 m^3. Then, based on the predecessors' study results, the difference of virtual water con- sumption of residents between Jiangxi Province and Shanxi Province was analyzed.

首先计算2000年江西省主要农产品虚拟水含量和城乡居民生活消费虚拟水含量，得出粮食作物的虚拟水含量为284.81×108立方公尺；城镇居民人均消费主要产品的虚拟水量为768.27立方公尺；农村居民人均消费主要产品的虚拟水含量为670.17立方公尺。

In sparkle discharge ,following conclusions could be reached:(1) overall spectral intensity in nitrogen is lower than in oxygen . When water is added, integrality light intensity is lower compared with the pure gas condition.(2) No matter it is nitrogen or oxygen, when water is added, syllabify three spectral lines of atomic H: Hα(656.3nm), Hβ(486.1nm), Hγ(434.0nm) could be seen. What is more, when water is added into oxygen, the spectral line of H atom becomes stronger.(3) When discharge in pure nitrogen, the light intensity falls with the increasing gas flow rate. While if water is added, the light intensity will rises with the increasing gas flow rate.(4) When discharging in pure oxygen, the light intensity rises with increasing gas flow rate. While if water is added, with increasing gas flow rate the light intensity initially will change as this:first rise, then saturate at about 140l/h, finally falls.

在火花放电中：(1)氮气的整体光谱强度要弱于氧气的整体光谱强度，加水时的整体光谱强度比纯气体中放电小很多；(2)无论所通为氮气或氧气，加水时可以清晰的看到Hα(656.3nm)，Hβ(486.1nm)，Hγ(434.0nm)三条氢原子的谱线，而且在氧气加水的情况下产生的H原子的谱线要强些；(3)纯氮气中放电时随着气流量的增大放电光谱的强度随之降低，氮气加水放电时随着气流量的增大放电光谱的强度随之升高；(4)氧气放电时，随着气流量的增大，放电光谱的强度随之升高，氧气加水中放电时随着气流量的增大，放电光谱的强度开始随之升高，在140l/h时的值最高，接着就开始下降。

The water-saving technologies in field are researched and concerned relatively weak,especially in the water deficit conditions,how to utilize the synthesis effects of water and fertilizer,increase the efficient utilization of soil water in saline soil,which are researched unprofound,the mechanism unclear,cant adapt the time requirements of agricultural water-saving.

田间节水技术的关注与研究相对薄弱，特别是在水分亏缺条件下，如何利用水肥综合效应，提高盐渍化土壤田间水分的高效利用率的研究还不深入，机理不清，不能适应农业节水的时代要求。

Results show that the water environment of the upper Huangpu River is affected integratedly by land use and flow from the upper reaches; river water quality is negatively related to proportion of industrial land in the sample zones; and the water quality at the water catchment near the Songpu Bridge is closely related to the water quality of the flow coming down from the upper streams, and driving forces of change in land use, such as development of the industry and population density in the waterhead region.

结果表明，黄浦江上游水环境质量受到土地利用格局及上游来水的综合影响，各样带工业用地比例与水质改善指数呈极显著负相关(P.01)，松浦大桥取水口水质与上游来水水质以及水源地当地的工业发展、人口密度等土地利用变化驱动力具有很好的关联性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。