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The main research work of this paper are focused on following areas:(1) Based on review of the theory and methods on measurements of particle fields, a new idea for obtaining particle size and velocity distribution within a spray through imaging the particle field with a laser light sheet was put forward;(2) A DPIV (Digital Particle Image Velocimetry) system, is fit for velocity measurements of low speed flows, was developed and expended to particle size distribution measurement;(3) An arithmetic for particle velocity field reconstruction was developed, and the velocity distribution of water mist was also obtained;(4) A software system for particle analysis, which based on image geometry emend, de-noise and image partition was developed, the parameters such as particle size distribution, mean diameter, number of particles, minimum and maximum diameter can be got with this system;(5) A water mist system was developed and its characteristics, such as droplet velocity, size distribution, number of droplets and spray cone angle under different conditions were obtained from experiments with PIVS;(6) The measurement results of water mist characteristics with PIVS were compared and analyzed with the simply simulated results, and in addition, in order to verify the accuracy of PIVS, some experiments were conducted with the standard particles, such as glass-ball with known mean diameter of 50μm and 115μm, metallic coated tracing particle with mean diameter of 12μm;(7) Some experimental studies on interaction of water mist with liquid pool fires were conducted.

本论文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：（1）在对粒子场测量的相关理论和具体方法进行综述分析的基础上，提出了通过采用激光片光对粒子场进行成像以获取其粒径和速度等参数分布的新思路；（2）研制了适宜于低速流动速度场测量的DPIV(Digital Particle Image Velocimetry)系统，并使其实现了对粒子场粒径分布的测量功能；（3）研制了基于粒子运动轨迹的速度场重建算法，获取了细水雾雾场的速度分布；（4）研制了基于几何校正、去噪、图象分割等图象处理方法的"粒度分析软件系统"，该系统既可分析给出粒子场的粒径分布直方图和平均粒径，还可给出粒子的数目以及最大、最小粒径等信息；（5）建立了一细水雾发生系统，并应用上述方法对不同压力条件下细水雾系统的雾场特性（如速度分布、雾滴粒径分布、雾滴的数目、喷雾张角以及雾化长度等）进行了实验测量研究；（6）对细水雾特性参数的PIVS测量结果与计算机简单模拟计算结果进行了定性比较分析，并利用平均粒径为50μm和115μm的玻璃球以及12μm的标准示踪粒子对PIVS系统的粒径和速度测量结果进行了实验验证，同时对其局限性进行了分析讨论；（7）对不同工况条件下细水雾与油池火相互作用的过程进行了模拟实验研究。

The analytic results obtained from the PCT evaluations revealed that the most limiting accident was the case with a break at the Main Steamline Outside Containment. Its PCT was 1289.15 ℉, which is much below the upper temperature limit of 2200℉ set by the nuclear regulatory authority. The most limiting accident for the minimum water level measured outside the core shroud is the case with a break at the High Pressure Core Flooder Line, the minimum water level drops to 18.4 ft. For this case, even though the water level has dropped to 11.6 ft below the top of the active fuel, the reactor core was still completely covered by the two-phase water.

分析结果显示，对燃料护套最高温度而言，最严重之事故为围阻体外主蒸汽管路破口，其燃料护套最高温度为1289.15 ℉，此温度远在法规10CFR50.46所定之限值 2200 ℉以下；对反应炉最低水位而言，则最严重之事故为高压注水系统管路破口，反应炉降水区最低水位降至18.4 ft，约在有效燃料顶部以下11.6 ft，然而炉心内部仍为双相饱和流体所完全覆盖。

Main creative points of the thesis are as following:1. It is the first time to apply 2-D and 3-D turbulent model of the air-water two phases flow to the study on hydraulic properties of groyne. It makes description of the turbulent flow field to be possible precisely. This offers a more accurate method to determine the water surface in channel improvement.2. Based on the results of experiment and simulation for 3-D turbulent model of air-water two phases flow, a new formula to compute the height of damming is built.3. Based on the 2-D mode and the formula to compute the height of damming, the subdivision method of 2-D computation for water surface at upstream and downstream.

本文的创新工作主要是：首次将三维水气两相流紊流数学模型应用于丁坝水动力学特性研究，使丁坝附近流场和紊动场的精细描述成为可能，为航道整治中水面线确定提供了一个更为准确的方法；(2)基于水槽实验和三维水气两相流紊流数学模型数值模拟结果，建立了新的丁坝前奎水高度计算公式；(3)基于上述奎水高度计算公式和本文二维水面计算数学模型，首次提出了丁坝上下游二维水面分段计算方法。

By combining the experiment, field observation and data collection with SWAT model simulation, the water budget in different types of land use (forest and grass ecosystems, orchard and crop ecosystems) were calculated by SWAT model. Then the water circulation and water budget in the following years were predicted and the main factors that influenced the water budget in hilly region of red soil were analysised.

本研究采用室内测定、野外观测、资料搜集与模型模拟相结合的方法，应用SWAT模型研究了赣东北红壤丘岗区不同土地利用方式的水量平衡，并对林草系统未来几年的水量平衡进行了预测，分析了区域水量平衡的影响因子。

The results indicated that the water resources renewability in the Yellow River Basin was in middle level or below, and the whole basin's water resources renewability was very bad. Water resources social renewability of Presidial Cities in the Yellow River basin was in general level, and the others were worse than Presidial Cities, so the main cities' water resources social renewability in the Yellow River Basin was not good generally.

结果表明，黄河流域各区域可再生性能力基本上为中等或以下，整个黄河流域水资源可再生性能力较弱；15个主要城市中，省会城市水资源社会可再生性水平一般，其余城市属于较弱水平，总体上，黄河流域城市水资源社会可再生性能力普遍较弱。

The eco-physiological characteristics of drought endurance of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica were studied under different climatic regions, soil water and leaf water condition.Furthemore,the response and adaptability of trees to water stress was done.The below showed the results. 1 The parameters of drought endurance of P. sylvestris var. mongolica was measure and studied by PV technology in the subhumid, semiarid and arid regions The results indicated the osmotic potentials at water saturation condition and at the initial loss turgor decreased as the climatic drought degree increased,and related linearly with the climatic moisture index.It was proved that the drought endurance of P. sylvetris var. mongolica was varible and the elevation of the osmotic adjust capability was a main way to the adaptation of trees to the drought climatic environment.

本文研究了樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)的主要耐旱生理生态特征在不同地区、不同土壤水分状况和叶水分状况下的变化，进而研究了樟子松对水分胁迫的反应和适应，结果如下： 1 应用 PV 技术对半湿润区、半干旱区和干旱区樟子松耐旱性指标测定研究指出，水饱和总体渗透势和初始失膨点总体渗透势随着气候干旱程度增加而增加，与气候湿度指标呈直线相关，证明了樟子松属于耐旱性可变的树种，渗透调节能力增加是其对干旱气候适应的主要途径。

The main indictor examined were anatomical structrue ofleaves,movement and shedding of leaves,leaf water potential andwater saturation deficit,leaf succulence and specfic leaf area,rate of water loss,slope of water release curve.water parametersof PV curveψo、Vs、Va、Emax and TW/DW et al.

在人工气候室和温室条件下，控制不同土壤水势梯度，从苗木水分生理生态特点、耐旱生产力及存活能力等三个方面研究了1～3年生的油松、侧柏、栓皮栎、元宝枫、刺槐、白蜡、紫穗槐、沙棘和黄栌的耐旱特性及其机理。

South-to-North Water Transferring Project is in Jiaodong area of Shandong province, its main task is to transfix the transmission line from Dongping Lake to Jinan city, alleviating the water supply hazard of Jinan city, laying a foundation of establishment of the project in Jiaodong zone, providing transferring water of Changjiang water of Zibo, Weifang, Qingdao, Yantai and Weihai city in Jiaodong area.

南水北调东线东平湖～济南段输水工程位于山东省胶东供水区内，其建设的主要任务就是贯通东平湖～济南段输水干线，缓解济南市的供水危机，为胶东输水干线的全线贯通奠定基础，为今后淄博、潍坊、青岛、烟台、威海等胶东地区重点城市调引长江水创造条件。

However, the water quality simulation results by CE-QUAL-W2 model revealed that the hydrologically induced density currents in winter together with the external loads of P were the main cause of the surface water quality deterioration, even though the bottom water carrying abundant P internal loads might be lifted to the middle layer by the water momentum force by the density current.

然而以CE-QUAL-W2二维水理水质模式模拟结果，翡翠水库年初表水总磷浓度突增主要是受到冬季冷水密度流造成的水体抬升及前一年停留在中层水之磷外部负荷联合贡献结果，相对地磷内部负荷虽可被抬升至中层水处，对表水的贡献有限。

However, the water quality simulation results by CE-QUAL-W2 model revealed that the hydrologically induced density currents in winter together with the external loads of P were the main cause of the surface water quality deterioration, even though the bottom water carrying abundant P internal loads might be lifted to the middle layer by the water momentum force by the density current.

模拟之底泥溶解总磷负荷和溶解总磷外部负荷相当。然而以CE-QUAL-W2二维水理水质模式模拟结果，翡翠水库年初表水总磷浓度突增主要是受到冬季冷水密度流造成的水体抬升及前一年停留在中层水之磷外部负荷联合贡献结果，相对地磷内部负荷虽可被抬升至中层水处，对表水的贡献有限。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新