查询词典 was

From 1978 to 2000, there was not σ-convergence of the PGDP growth in Jiangsu province; From 1984 to 1993 and since 1999, there was not σ-convergence of the per capital net income of rural households growth, but from 1993 to 1999, there was a -convergence; From 1978 to 2000, there was not absolute β-convergence of the PGDP growth in Jiangsu province, but there was conditional β-convergence and the convergence intensity was feeble, half-lifecycle is comparative long, the least half -time of the undeveloped region will catch up with the developed region was 115 years; From 1994 to 2000, there was club-convergence hi the northern Jiangsu and the Middle Jiangsu, but there was not club-convergence in the northern Jiangsu.

第四，基于经济增长收敛的理论与方法，对江苏省区域经济发展的收敛性进行了研究。1978一2000年，江苏省人均GDP总体上不存在u一收敛；农民人均纯收入增长在1 984一1993年及1999年以后不存在a一收敛、在1993一1999期间存在a一收敛；1978-2 000年，人均GDP增长总体上不存在绝对p一收敛，但存在条件p一收敛，收敛的程度较弱，半生命周期比较长，落后区域要缩小与发达区域经济差异的一半最少也需要115年；1 994一2000年，在经济比较发达的苏南和苏中内部存在俱乐部收敛，在苏北内部不存在俱乐部收敛趋势。

The amount of drainage in 1998-1999 was caudated by the equation, the average was 149.4mm, the maximum value was 197.5mm and the minimum was 93.1mm, coefficient variability was 2.9%. The average amount of drainage in 1999-2000 was 286.4 mm, the maximum value was 391.9 mm and the minimum was 193.9 mm, the maximum value was two times than minimum value, and CV was 6.4%.

通过上面建立的关系式，计算得到了1998-1999年10个小区的渗漏量，其平均值为149.4mm，最大值为197.5mm，最小值为93.1mm，变异系数为2.9％。1999-2000年的渗漏量平均值为286.4mm，最大值为391.9mm，最小值为193.9mm，最大值约是最小值的2倍，变异系数为6.4％。

At the BCL of 500ms, 1000ms and 2000ms,the VWtimes increased markedly with the BCL prolonging, and the degree of increasing was even obviously when heart rate was slow (BCL=2000ms or 1000ms). The enlargement of VWs was a most important reason to increase the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias; 2）At the BCL of 500ms, 1000ms or 2000ms,the VWtimes of the premature stimulates S2 was at endomembrane were wider than at the outermembrane. We supposed that premature stimulates come from endomembrane was easier inducing VF compared with outermembrane;3The VWtime of unidirectional block was wider than reentry's, we can see that reporlarization dispersion changed dynamicly. 4The QRS polar of the premature stimulates was opposite the primary beats ,which suggesting that excitation of inducing premature beats was coming from epicardial. That is to say electrotonic potential take part in the creation of reentry;5With the ratio of the Tp-e/QT increasing the occurrence of VF was upgrading. So the ratio was an effective method to estimate the event of SCD.6 The VWtimes of S3 were broaden than S2's. But we can not study penetratingly, which is the contents of our future studies.

在BCL为500ms、 1000ms和2000ms刺激条件下，随着刺激周长的增加单向传导阻滞时间易损窗呈增大趋势；并且在心率较慢时(BCL为2000ms和1000ms)增大最明显，是LQTS患者室性心律失常发生率增加的原因之一；2）在BCL为500ms、 1000ms和2000ms刺激条件下，S2位于内膜侧时时间易损窗大于在外膜侧时的，推测来自于内膜侧的期前刺激易于诱发室性心律失常；3）折返激动时间易损窗小于在单向传导阻滞时间易损窗，折返易发生于S2刚进入单向传导阻滞区间时，这说明复极梯度的不均一是动态变化的；4心电图上倒置QRS波与正常S1刺激所引起QRS波极性相反，提示不同位置S2刺激引发的室性早搏的兴奋均来自于外膜侧，说明了电紧张电位扩布参与了折返的产生；5）Tp－e/QT可以反应跨膜复极离散度，随着Tp－e/QT比值的增加PVT的发生增多，其可以用来预测室性心律失常的发生。6）随着期前刺激数目的增加时间易损窗增大。

The fiber length has only little influence on the basic density within the growth rings, and significant correlation at 0.01 levels was found between the basic density and the fiber length among the different rings. Only slight negative correlation was found between the basic density and the fiber width within the growth rings, but significant positive correlation at 0.01 levels was indicated between the basic density and the fiber width among the growth rings, contrary to that of fiber length. It was demonstrated that significant positive correlations at 0.01 levels between the basic density and fiber double wall thickness, fiber length to width ratio and double wall thickness to diameter ratio, significant negative correlations at 0.01 levels between the basic density and fiber diameter and diameter to width ratio, only slight negative correlation between the basic density and fiber width both in the same growth rings and among the different growth rings. No significant correlation was found between the basic density and the vessel morphological features, nor was the tissue proportion in the same growth rings. But among the different rings, it was found there was significant positive correlation at 0.01 levels between the basic density and the fiber proportion among the different rings, and significant negative correlation at 0.01 levels between the basic density and vessel-elements proportion and ray proportion, only slight negative correlation between the basic density and the parenchym proportion. Significant or no significant negative correlation was found between the basic density and the microfibril angle in the same growth rings, but significant negative correlation was found between the basic density and the microfibril angle among the different growth rings.

生长轮内纤维长度对基本密度的影响不大，而在不同生长轮间纤维长度与基本密度达极显著正相关，纤维宽度与此相反，同一生长轮内纤维宽度与基本密度极显著负相关，不同生长轮间只有微弱负相关；基本密度与纤维双壁厚、长宽比、壁腔比在生长轮内和生长轮间均呈极显著正相关，而与胞腔直径、腔径比均呈极显著负相关，仅与纤维宽度呈微弱的负相关；导管形态对基本密度的影响不显著；同一生长轮内组织比量对基本密度的影响也不显著，但不同生长轮间基本密度与纤维比量呈极显著正相关，与导管比量和木射线比量呈极显著负相关，与轴向薄壁细胞比量仅呈不显著负相关；生长轮内基本密度与微纤丝角呈显著或不显著负相关，但在生长轮间这种负相关达到极显著水平。

The second part was to test the appearance, ingredient analysis, surface potential, thermal conduction properties, and magnetism of the nano composite fluid prepared from the parameters. The experiment found that unoxidized particles, Ag, Cu, Fe, and Ni appeared round. If combined with oxygen in water as oxides, the nano particles would grow toward certain directions. In copper/iron nano composite fluid, FeO appeared cubic, Cu2O appeared coniferous. In silver/iron nano composite fluid, FeO was polygonal. In dielectric potential detection, the nano composite fluid was likely to aggregate and deposit, except for silver/iron set. In other sets, the pH of silver/cobalt nano composite fluid was 7, surface potential was 21.21mV; the pH for silver/nickel nano composite fluid was 6.5, surface potential was 21.04mV; the pH for copper/iron nano composite fluid was 7, surface potential was -30mV. The fluid particles of the three sets could all maintain suspension of 2 weeks or more. For thermal conduction, the silver/nickel, nano composite fluid showed the best thermal conduction. Under temperature of 30℃ fluid weight conduction of 0.4%, the thermal conduction increase was 26%. For magnetic detection, except for silver/iron nano composite fluid, the nano particles of other three sets were paramagnetic, and all four sets were soft magnetic nano composite materials.

第二部分。将由较佳制备参数所产出的奈米复合流体，进行形貌外观、成分分析、表面电位及热传导性质实验与磁性检测；在奈米颗粒的形貌部分，经实验发现Ag、Cu、Fe、Ni等未氧化的颗粒皆呈现近似圆形，而若与水中的氧结合形成氧化物，奈米颗粒则会朝特定方向成长，在铜/铁奈米复合流体中FeO为四方体结构、Cu2O的颗粒是针叶状，在银/铁奈米复合流体中FeO则为多边形结构；而介面电位检测方面，结果显示经本制程所产出的奈米复合流体除银/铁奈米复合流体这一组较容易聚集沉淀外，其他三组中银/钴奈米复合流体的pH值为7，表面电位为21.21mV，银/镍奈米复合流体的pH值6.5表面电位为21.04mV而铜/铁奈米复合流体的pH值为7时表面电位约在-30mV，且此三组流体颗粒皆能维持悬浮性2周以上，悬浮性较佳；热传导实验部分，四组奈米复合流体中以银/镍奈米复合流体在增进热传上效果最佳，在温度30℃及流体重量浓度0.4﹪条件下热传导系数增进达26﹪；磁检测方面，除了银/铁奈米复合流体外，其他三组奈米颗粒皆属顺磁性，且这四组奈米复合材料都是属软磁性。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的&瓶子模型&，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了&缝洞单元&的概念，并制定了&缝洞单元&纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对&缝洞单元&进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

Rresults from those studies can be summariazed as follow:(1) A preliminary study no correlationship between the UV-VIS reflection spectrum of tomato fruit surface and the lycopene amount of tomato fruit was undertaken. Based on observation from this study, a damage-free and in-situ detection technique of lycopene amount from tomato was developed with UV-VIS reflection spectroscopy;(2) The geometrical isomers of lycopene were separated successfully on C30-HPLC-PDA-ELSD. The absorption coefficients of Z-isomers were consequently dedermined. The geometrical isomer composition of lycopene could therefore be assessed. Those efforts formed a solid base to identify the natural product from synthetic compound of lycopene;(3) Lycopene resource from the fruit of Autumn oliver was proved to be available for industrial application. An extraction methos of lycopene from the fruit of Autumn oliver by supercritical carbon dioxide was developed at laboratory scale;(4) A method to extract lycopene by supercritical liquid with improved efficiency was developed; Data from this investigation suggested that a proper raw material pre-extraction process was important for a better extraction efficiency;(5) Variation in the geometrical isomer composition of lycopene during its metabolish in rat was assessed. A large amount of Z-isomers were observed. This variation took place in serum;(6) The absorption rate and accumulation in serum of natural lycopene in rat were assessed;(7) Ability to quench singlet oxygen by different geometrical isomers of lycopene was compared;(8) It was detected that whether natural lycopene had functions to regule blood-lipids and LDL antioxidation;(9) A C31 degradation piece of lycopene was found in the prostate gland of rat.

研究结果包括：[1]应用UV-VIS反射光谱法建立了番茄果实中番茄红素含量的无损伤、现场检测技术；[2]应用C30-HPLC-PDA-ELSD技术实现了对番茄红素几何异构体的分离，测定了不同顺式异构体的吸光系数，建立了天然番茄红素几何异构体组成的检测方法，为区分和鉴定人工合成品和天然产物奠定了基础；[3]证实了秋橄榄果实中的番茄红素资源具有工业开发价值，并建立了超临界CO_2萃取的实验室方法；[4]探索了提高番茄红素超临界流体萃取效率的方法，证明了物料前处理对提高萃取效率起了极其重要的作用；[5]观察了番茄红素在大鼠体内几何异构体组成的变化情况，发现了大量顺式异构体的存在，并证实了几何异构体组成在血清中发生了显著变化；[6]测定了天然番茄红素在大鼠体内的吸收率和在大鼠血清中的动态积累规律；[7]比较了不同番茄红素几何异构体淬灭单线态氧的能力；[8]检测了天然番茄红素是否具有调节血脂作用和抗低密度脂蛋白氧化的功能；[9]首次发现大鼠前列腺内存在番茄红素C31降解片段，并证实其仍具有淬灭单线态氧的能力。

The summary results are below:1. GUS expression under the driving of the BjCHI1 promoter (-1060/+17) was essentially undetectable in the young seedlings under normal growth conditions. GUS activity was first detected in the stigma of young flowers, peaked in the young siliques, and decreased when the siliques became older. No GUS expression was found in the mature siliques, seeds or root.2. The BjCHI1 promoter (-1060/+17) was inducible by NaCl, PEG, wounding and MeJA treatments. High levels of GUS expression were detected in the transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants after wounding, NaCl, PEG, and MeJA treatment, indicating that the BjCHI1 promoter responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses.3. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the BjCHI1 gene in B. juncea was inducible by PEG and NaCl.4. The transcription start site was determined by 5′-RACE, and was located at the 17th nucleotide upstream of the translation initiation codon of the BjCHI1 gene.5. A -805/+17 promoter fragment was enough to response to wounding and MeJA induction, which was proved in transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants. The 397 bp region between -805 and -409 of the BjCHI1 promoter contains a cis-acting element that is essential for the wounding and MeJA inducibility.6. The -695/-620 region was necessary but not sufficient to confer MeJA-responsive expression. A T/G-box locates in -353 play an important role in the expression of the BjCHI1 gene in response to MeJA treatment. The 76 bp region is coupled with the T/G-box to confer full MeJA-inducible transcription of the BjCHI1 gene.

主要结果如下：1、利用转基因拟南芥植株分析表明，正常生长条件下，BjCHI1启动子(-1060/+17)驱动GUS基因主要在花柱中表达，幼嫩的荚也有表达，并随着果荚的成熟而减弱，成熟的果荚、种子和根没有显示GUS活性。2、BjCHI1启动子(-1060/+17)能驱动GUS基因在转基因烟草和拟南芥中响应伤害的诱导，转基因拟南芥的分析还证明BjCHI1启动子也受MeJA、NaCl和PEG的诱导，证明BjCHI1启动子是一个伤害、MeJA、NaCl和PEG等生物和非生物因素诱导启动子。3、RT-PCR进一步证明芥菜中BjCHI1基因也受NaCl和PEG的诱导表达。4、5′-RACE法鉴定了BjCHI1启动子的转录起始位点，位于翻译起始位点ATG上游第17个碱基A.5、转基因烟草和拟南芥分析证明，-805/+17的启动子片段足以响应伤害和MeJA的诱导，-805和-409之间397 bp的启动子片段含有对伤害和MeJA诱导必要的元件。6、本明烟叶片瞬时表达系统分析证明，一段76 bp的序列(-695/-620)对BjCHI1启动子响应MeJA的诱导是必要的，但不足以响应MeJA的诱导，位于-353的T/G-box也参与MeJA的诱导。76 bp的序列(-695/-620)与T/G-box协同起作用，赋予BjCHI1启动子MeJA诱导性。

The Place I was in, was a most delightful Cavity, or Grotto, of its kind, as could be expected, though perfectly dark; the Floor was dry and level, and had a sort of small lose Gravel upon it, so that there was no nauseous or venemous Creature to be seen, neither was there any damp, or wet, on the Sides or Roof: The only Difficulty in it was the Entrance, which however as it was a Place of Security, and such a Retreat as I wanted, I thought that was a Convenience; so that I was really rejoyc'd at the Discovery, and resolv'd without any Delay, to bring some of those Things which I was most anxious about, to this Place; particularly, I resolv'd to bring hither my Magazine of Powder, and all my spare Arms, viz.

虽然在洞里没有光线，但这却是一个令人赏心悦目的最美丽的洞穴。地上干燥平坦，表面是一层细碎的沙石，所以不会有令人厌恶的毒蛇爬虫。洞顶和四壁也十分干燥。这个洞穴唯一的缺点是入口太小，然而正是因为进出困难，才使它成为一个安全隐蔽的地方，而这也正是我千方百计寻求的庇护所。所以，这个缺点于我来说反而成了一个优点。我对自己的发现真是欣喜万分，决定立刻把我所最放心不下的一部分东西搬到洞里来，特别是我的火药库和多余的枪支，包括两支鸟枪和三支短枪。

In contrast, Diogenes, one of Antisthenes most famous followers carried the cynical philosophy to its farthest extreme. Diogenes was not known merely as one of "The Dog Philosophers," his personal nickname was "The Dog" and Plato referred to him as "Socrates gone mad." He denied all physical wealth and pleasure; he lived in a barrel and his only possessions were a robe to cover himself and a walking stick. There is an antecdote of questionable historical accuracy that demonstrates the character of Diogenes: One day Diogenes was sitting on a hill next to his barrel enjoying the warm rays of the sun when he was approached by Alexander the Great. Alexander asked Diogenes if he was the infamous Diogenes of whom the Athenians had spoken. Diogenes replied that he was. Alexander asked Diogenes if it was true that he had no desire for anything. Diogenes looked up at Alexander and said that he only wanted one thing, with that he asked Alexander to move a little to one side because he was blocking the sun. After the encounter, Alexander reportedly stated that if he could be anyone other than Alexander he would want to be Diogenes. Although Diogenes' behavior was sometimes amusing, he was not well liked in Athens primarily because of his writings encouraging incest and cannibalism.

和他形成对比的是带奥珍妮丝，他最著名的一个把犬儒哲学发扬到极致的追随者，带奥珍妮丝不光被看成犬儒哲学家，他自己的外号是狗并且柏拉图称他为疯了的苏格拉底，他漠视一切身体健康和愉悦，他住在一个罐子里，所有的财产是用来遮盖自己的一挂长袍，和一只拐杖，曾有一个轶闻能够体现带奥珍妮丝的性格，尽管历史准确性存在争论：有一天带奥珍妮丝坐在小山坡上，身边是他的罐子，正在沐浴和煦的阳光，这是亚历山大王走到他的身边，亚历山大问带奥珍妮丝是不是雅典人所热论的那个声名不佳的带奥珍妮丝，带奥珍妮丝回答是，亚历山大接着问你什么东西都不想要是否属实，带奥珍妮丝抬头看看亚历山大王，说道，除了一样东西，说着，他请亚历山大挪开一点因为他挡住了他正在享受的阳光，据传言，这次邂逅以后，亚历山大说过，如果给他一个不是亚历山大的机会，他愿意成为带奥珍妮丝，尽管带奥珍妮丝所为有时趣味横生，但是他还不是很见爱于雅典人，主要是因为他的著述里面提倡乱伦和食人

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了