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Weather fresh onion or onionskin dry powder, the yield of polysaccharides obtained by microwave-assisted freeze thawing was the most, and the content of polysaccharicle obtained by utrasonic wave was the most. The yield of polysacchalides obtained by microwave-assisted freeze thaucing in onionskin was 3.58%(the content of polysaccharides was 63.9%); and its yield in fleshy parts was 3.15%(the content of polysaccharides was 62.0%).

不管是新鲜洋葱肉质部分还是洋葱皮干粉，微波辅助冻融法提取的多糖的得率最高，超声波法提取的多糖的含量最高，其中微波辅助冻融法提取洋葱皮中多糖得率为3.58%(含量为63.9%)；肉质部分多糖得率为3.15%（含量为62.0%）。

However, the transformation rate from dominant stem to overtopped stem and from overtopped stem to dominant stem were the lowest. The interconversion of classified stem would increase as the stand density and the rate of L. gmelinii was going up. The altitude that classified stem mainly concentrated was less than 1000m, slope was less than 25°, aspect was south slope, position was at middle and lower, soil depth less than 17cm. The rate of no interconversion was 66.7% among overtopped stem. It should cut the overtopped stem as intermediate cutting.

优势木转被压木和被压木转优势木的转换率最低；随着林分密度和林分中落叶松比例增加，分级木相互转换数也增多；分级木转换现象主要集中在海拔＜1000m、坡度＜25°、坡向为阳坡、坡位为中下、土壤厚度＞17cm的林分中；被压木中，无转换的占66.7%，抚育采伐时应考虑伐除这些被压木。

Whenpyridine was used as reductive decomposing agent, the expecting cholest-4-en-3,6-dione-22-al was obtained. However, when Zn/HOAc was used to decomposethe ozonide, C-4,5 double bond was further reduced to give cholest-3,6-dione-22-al as main product. 2 For the side-chain construction of compound (1), the solid-liquid phase-transfer Wittig reaction was used. When (3-methyl-2-oxobutyl)-triphenylarsonium bromide was used as reagent, the reaction can be carried out inmild reaction condition and the yield is higher than that when phosphorane wasused.

但使用Zn／HOAc作为分解剂时，却得到其氢化产物胆甾-3， 6-二酮-22-醛；2在甾体支链引入过程中，采用固-液相转移Wittig反应的方法，用(3-甲基)-2-氧丁基三苯基溴化胂作为试剂，反应在非常温和的条件下便可完成，而且产率比传统采用膦烷的方法更高；3在对某些甾酮化合物的选择性还原反应研究时，发现在〓还原体系中，当加入某些金属离子后，反应有更好的区域选择性和立体选择性。

According to OCSP criteria, the frequency was highest in LACI; LAA was the most common cause in TACI, SAO, SUE and LAA was found in PACI, SUE and LAA was the main etilogical cause in POCI;SAO was the most common cause in LACI; in OCSP, TACI inpatients had the highest neurological impairment score; there were 89.6% patients whose OCSP classification was consistent with the last image diagnose.

在OCSP分型中，以LACI最常见；TACI病因最常见于LAA，PACI病因较常见于SAO、SUE和LAA，POCI病因较常见于SUE和LAA，LACI病因最常见于SAO；TACI入院时神经功能缺损评分最高；OCSP分型与最终神经影像学诊断一致率为89.6%。

Methods According to the feature of knowledge structure in adult-upgraded students, teaching contents were changed from the traditional biology knowledge on parasitology to parasitosis knowledge. At the same time, complementing and renewing knowledge was taken into the account. To make teaching contents more direct and vivid, modem teaching media was sufficiently used. Besides, cases discussion and comprehensive thinking questions was complemented. The communication between teachers and students was advanced and the problems, which was met by the students in studying and working, was able to be solved in time.

根据成人专升本学生的知识结构特点调整教学内容，将传统的寄生虫生物学知识讲授为主转变为寄生虫病学知识讲授为主，同时注重知识的补缺和更新；改变原来单一的教学方式，充分利用现代教学媒体，直观、形象地展示教学内容，并增加病例讨论和综合思考题练习等内容；加强师生间的交流与沟通，及时解决学生在学习和工作中遇到的寄生虫学或寄生虫病学相关问题。

Aluminum Ispropoxide was hydrolyzed to prepare Al〓O〓 sol. The hydrolyzed 〓CHOH affected the sol peptization. The colloidal particle was the smallest when the peptization time was 12 hours.γ-Al〓O〓 membrane without cracks, thickness about 2μm, was prepared from 1M sol with a suitable amount of PVA solution. The mean pore size of the membrane was about 3nm. And, the H〓/N〓 separation factor was 3. 53, exhibiting good separation performance.

异丙醇铝为前驱体，水解制备Al〓O〓溶胶，水解产生的异丙醇影响溶胶的胶溶效果，并且胶溶12小时得到的胶粒最小。1M溶胶加PVA制备厚度2μm左右，无开裂γ-Al〓O〓膜，经600℃煅烧，平均孔径为3nm，H〓/N〓分离系数可达到3.53，表现了很好的分离性能。

Total RNA was isolated from cultured human pigmental cells and mRNA was reversly transcribed into cDNA. Then PCR was used to amplify the TRP -2 coding region. The PCR product was cloned into pUC19 plasmid and sequenced, then subcloned into vector pGEX-4T-1. The TRP-2 protein was expressed hi E coli of DH5 a as fusion protein with glutathioneS-transferase induced by IPTG. The fusion protein was purified by glutathione resin column.

我们通过RT—PCR的方法扩增TRP—2编码基因，克隆至pUC19载体并测序，再亚克隆至GST融合表达载体pGEX—4T—1，转化大肠杆菌，IPTG诱导表达了GST/TRP—2融合蛋白，并分析鉴定表达蛋白的可溶性，最后第四军医大学硕士学位论文一用谷氨酚胺树脂柱纯化表达的蛋白。

The results showed that food ingestion and frequency of the polecat in constant food patches were higher than that in the variable food patches and time of the polecat was the same between two patches during the training period. Only the frequency of the polecat in constant food patches was higher than that in variable food patches when the polecat was starved for 1 day. Its foraging pattern between the two patches was the same as that during the training period when the polecat was starved for 2 days. Meanwhile, the food ingest ion amount in the two patches was not affected by starvation, but the time and frequency of the polecat using the two patches significantly decreased when starvation increased.

研究结果表明，训练期实验中，艾虎对固定食物量斑块中的取食量和利用频次明显高于变化食物量斑块，而对两个斑块的利用时间基本相同；艾虎饥饿一天后对固定食物量斑块中的利用频次明显高于变化食物叠斑块，而对两个斑块的利用时间和取食量基本相同；艾虎饥饿两天后对两个斑块利用程度与训练期的结果相同：同时，艾虎在两个斑块中的取食量均与饥饿程度无关，而对两个斑块的利用时间和利用频次均随饥饿程度明显降低。

Soil bulk density of Z treatment was gradually increased in three years, which was significantly higher than that of C treatment in 0~20cm soil layer. 2.2 Effects of tillage systems on soil moisture content There was significantly positive correlation between soil pondage and rainfall of the same period in R, H and Z treatments, and the correlation coefficient was higher than C, especially the H treatment, its correlation coefficient was 0.70**, which reached a highly significant level, and its soil water retention was better than C.

免耕模式土壤容重在0~20cm均逐渐增高，最终显著高于常规耕作模式。2.2耕作模式对土壤水分的影响 0~20cm土层旋耕、耙耕和免耕模式土壤贮水量与同期降雨量显著正相关，相关系数皆大于常规耕作模式，耙耕相关系数为0.70**，达到极显著水平，土壤保水性好于常规耕作模式。

Pillared montmorillonite, as a representative of Sandwich like pillared interlayered clays ,caught many scientist"s attention not only because of its special structure of two-dimensional sheets but also its excellent activity of catalysis and adsorption. It is well documented that the method to prepare PILM, ion-exchanging, needed a long periods and was affected by many factors, and that the product had low thermal stability especially hydro-thermal stability which was the primary obstruction of its using in large-scale production. At the same time, PILM was well documented prepared with Na-montmorillonite, while there were a few documents about PILM prepared with Ca-montmorillonite. The large cost of remodel of Ca-montmorillonite to Na-montmorillonite was another obstacle of the application of PILM, while Ca-montmorillonite was widely distributed in nature, as a result, to prepare PILM with Ca-montmorillonite has practical significance. What"s more, PILM was mainly studied as a catalyst in oil refining process till now, but rarely documented in other catalysis reactions, especially in coal liquification filed which also needed high activity catalyst.

以柱撑蒙脱石为代表的具有"三明治"结构的柱撑粘土矿物因其特殊的二维孔道结构和优良的催化和吸附性能近年来成为国内外广泛关注和研究的热点，但是目前国内外大量报道的PILM制备大多采用离子交换法，生产周期很长，影响因素很多，并且产物热稳定性不够高，特别是水热稳定性较差，这是其不能在实际中大规模生产和应用的主要障碍，因此制备一种高稳定性的PILM意义非常；文献中大量报道的都是钠基蒙脱石合成的柱撑粘土矿物，传统的离子交换法必须将钙基蒙脱石钠化改型，其成本相当高，而自然界中大量存在的却是钙基蒙脱石，直接用钙基蒙脱石合成柱撑粘土矿物有很现实的意义，但目前这方面的报道却很少见；另外，迄今为止，PILM作为催化剂的研究领域主要在石油的炼制中应用，而在煤炭的液化中却鲜有报道，如果能在煤炭转化领域应用这一成果，其影响也将是相当大的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。