查询词典 voluntary labor

But labor relations of state-owned enterprises still have some problems, such as fuzzy concrete manifestation of the main parts' position of labor relations, unimplemented labor contractual relationship, continuous labor disputes, confused labor relations management, unsound legal regulation and control means.

但是国有企业劳动关系中仍存在一些问题，具体表现在：劳动关系主体地位模糊、劳动契约关系虚置、劳动争议不断、劳动关系管理混乱、法制化调控手段不健全等。

It can oppose the third part in conditions. From the point of view of the value of the law, the priority of labor"s creditor"s right takes the value to protecting live value of the human being, to preserving the social equality and justice, to protecting the puny, to dispersing the social risks, to protecting the basic human rights. According to the institutional theories of law, the priority of labor"s creditor"s right has the important value that it can realize justice; optimize the allocation of the risks, encourage people to supervising the discharge of the labor"s creditor"s right. On the basis of the sociology of law, the priority of labor"s creditor"s right is the social demands development and has strong social sense.

从法的价值理念的角度看，劳动债权优先权制度秉承的保护人类的生存价值，维护社会公平正义，保护弱势群体，分散社会风险，保护基本人权，推行保护劳动者的社会政策的价值理念；从制度法学的角度看，劳动债权优先权制度具有实现公平、优化风险配置、激励社会力量对劳动债权的及时清偿进行监督和督促的重要制度价值；从法社会学的角度看，劳动债权优先权制度是社会发展的需要，具有很强的社会意义。

This theory system is guided by the logic of "labor-value-distribution" gradually, as follows: on the basis of defining creative labor and dealing with coherent issues, this thesis divided the generalized creative labor into concentric circle centered on the inner region of creative labor.

该理论体系是沿着"劳动——价值决定与价值构成——价值分配或产品分配"的逻辑步步推进的。具体表现为：在创造性的界定创意劳动概念以及完成一系列相关问题的基础上，本文按照现实中创意产业的具体特征，将广义创意劳动划分为一个以核心层创意劳动为圆心的圈层结构。

The author in this chapter also provides analyses of and discussion of labor remuneration claim right in relation to the employer's counterargument right, labor reward requesting right in relation to the labor's right of defense, and the beginning of prescription of labor remuneration claim right.

根据劳动报酬预付制、期中支付制和后付制等不同支付形式，分析了劳动报酬请求权与雇主的抗辩权、劳动给付请求权与劳动者的抗辩权的不同法律关系。

In Chapter One, this paper analyzes laborer in demography, management of human resources, labor economics, labor demotics and labor jurisprudence and concludes that the scope of laborer is widest in demotics, which is greater than that in labor economics by half and emphasizes that laborer is the father of human beings and master of society and is carrier of activity and behavior of society.

第一部分从人口统计学、人力资源管理、劳动经济学、劳动社会学及劳动法学的角度对劳动者进行分析，得出了社会学上劳动者的范围最为广泛，它远远大于劳动经济学上的劳动者的范围，主要强调劳动者是人类社会的创造者和社会的主人，是社会活动和行为的载体。

As the bitter fleabane of revolution of world science and technology suddenly develops and of system of our country socialist market economy build, we must want to be on the foundation that holds to scientific Marx labor theory of value, deepen the research of pair of socialistic society labor and labor value theory and understanding, make theory of Marxism labor value gets developing in socialist market economy.

随着世界科技革命的蓬勃发展和我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立，我们必须要在坚持科学的马克思劳动价值论的基础上，深化对社会主义社会劳动和劳动价值理论的研究和认识，使马克思主义劳动价值理论在社会主义市场经济中得到发展。

Before "Labor Contract Law" enacted, views for the liquidated damages of labor contract are different between the theory and practice communities sectors, national legislation and local legislation, reflected in the following three theories: freedom, restriction and forbiddance. Finally,"Labor Contract Law", which is started to implement on 1 January, 2008, supports the theory of restricting the liquidated damages of labor contract.

在《劳动合同法》颁布以前，理论界与实务界，国家立法与地方立法都存在着较大分歧，归纳而言主要体现为以下三种学说：任意劳动合同违约金说、禁止劳动合同违约金说及限制劳动合同违约金说。2008年1月1日开始施行的《劳动合同法》最终将落脚点立于限制说之上。

The viewpoint that deny and amends labor theory of value is put in the move misunderstanding to Marx labor theory of value, decision of the labor in the labor value theory that germ depends on understanding Marx well, value, value and the connotation with academic demand and essence.

否定和修正劳动价值论的观点都存在着对马克思劳动价值论的误解，根源在于没有很好地理解马克思的劳动价值理论中劳动、价值、价值决定以及需求理论的内涵和本质。

After that, the article expounds how the social labor value theory overcomes the theoretical hard nuts in the financial accountings:(1) it has solved the issue of conformity between the production domain and accounting domain by holding that the social labor creates the value, which decides that the domains of production and accounting should be extended to cover the tertiary industry;(2) it has solved the issue of the valuation standards in the economic accounting by holding that the theoretical value should be converted into the actual value and that only when the price of production is used as the valuation standards can the financial accounting and economic accounting have a true valuation basis;(3) it has solved the issue of creation and distribution of surplus value and explicitly points out that the power of science and technology determines that the surplus value comes mainly from the materialized labor. Only when we have a clear understanding of this point and have realized that the value of product is created jointly by the materialized labor and the laborer can we straighten out the relationship in the distribution of earning inside the enterprise and understand that the distribution on the basis of contributed capital is a reasonable choice at present.

其次，着重阐述了社会劳动价值论如何解决经济核算中的理论难题：一是解决了生产范围与核算范围的统一问题，认为社会劳动创造价值，决定了生产范围与核算范围都必须扩大到第三产业；二是解决了经济核算的计价标准问题，认为必须从理论价值转化为实际价值，用生产价格作为计价标准，才能使会计核算和经济核算真正具有计价基础；三是解决了剩余价值的创造与分配问题，并明确指出，科技的力量决定了剩余价值主要来自于物化劳动，只有认清这点，承认企业的产品价值是物、活劳动共同创造的，才能真正理顺企业的利益分配关系，才能理解按资分配是现实合理的选择。

This research advocates for amending Article 8 of the Labor Insurance Act to allow workers in units with four or less employees participating Labor Insurance voluntarily through occupational trade unions and providing amnesty to those workers who may have illegitimately participated Labor Insurance through occupational trade unions in order to promote the participation of Labor Insurance for workers in units with four or less employees.

为促进4人以下事业单位劳工参加劳保，本文主张，政府宜改采修正劳工保险条例第八条的策略，允许4人以下事业单位劳工至职业工会自愿投保劳保，并对错误至职业工会投保劳保的4人以下事业单位劳工办理特赦，承认他们已投保的劳保年资。

You can do some assertiveness training.

你可以进行一些自信训练。

We were well on the path to making a rear-wheel-drive global platform," says Mays."

我们正致力于建立一个后轮驱动的平台，"Mays这样说道。"