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this paper introduces a lossless detected circuit system.firstly,system gathers slender infrared signal with transducer,then amplifies them with low noise.through voltage comparator circuit,transforming simulation objection signals to digital signals.finally,transforming transport landscape orientation and portrait to single chip processing.in design of pcb,the amplifying of quadruplet signal,filter,voltage comparator decree and and logic function are manufactured in one board.if the diameter of workpiece is long,it can add multiple the number of transducer of four,to wide its range of practice,disposing circuit only need one module.

摘 要：介绍了一种无损检测的电路系统。系统首先利用传感器采集到微弱的缺陷信号，再将缺陷信号进行低噪声放大，然后通过电压比较判决电路将模拟缺陷信号变换成数字信号，最终将横、纵两路的输出信号送至单片机处理。在pcb设计中，将四路信号的放大、滤波、电压判决以及与逻辑功能做在一块板上，若被检测工件的直径较大，可以将传感器的个数以四的倍数增加，处理电路只需增加一个模块。

Because the primary source of noise in an amplifying IC is its input stage, you can assume that the standard deviation of the random component of output current of the paralleled-N voltage-to-current converters is σNI=σI×, where σI is the standard deviation of the random component of output current of a voltage-to-current converter.

由于放大器噪声的主要来源为输入端，假设N个并联电压电流转换器输出电流的随机器件标准差为σNI=σI×，σI为电压电流转换器输出电流的随机器件标准差。

This paper puts forward the derivation of precise calculating formula used to determine the magnification ratio of voltage, input resistance and output resistance in amplifying circuits based on the feedback circuit model with parallel voltage.

在建立电流并联反馈电路模型的基础上，推导出放大电路中的电压放大倍数、输入电阻、输出电阻的精确计算公式。

The technique made full use of the characteristic of PR controller which can realize zero steady-state error in AC input signal in stationary frame. In the method, the active and reactive current component in the vector control strategy were transformed in the stationary frame to achieve the objective of keeping the DC-link voltage constant, adjusting the power factor and decoupling the active and reactive power. Compared with conventional double close-loop proportional integral controller, the PR technique is better in harmonic compensation without the complex rotating frame transformation and the couple or feedback voltage which is easily influenced by temperature and circuit parameters. The control algorithm is easy to be realized while the robustness and power quality is improved.

该方法充分利用了PR控制器能够在静止坐标系下对交流输入信号无静差控制的优势，将矢量控制策略下的有功电流和无功电流分量转换到静止坐标系下进行调节，实现网侧变换器维持直流电压稳定和调节功率因数的控制任务和双馈电机有功、无功功率的解耦控制，与传统的双闭环PI控制相比，该策略无需繁琐的坐标旋转变换，不存在受温度及电路参数影响的耦合项和前馈补偿项，且易于实现对系统低次谐波电流的补偿，减小了控制算法实现难度，提高了控制系统的鲁棒性和电网电能质量。

The instantaneous power theory was employed to analyze the instantaneous power of the control winding and the control scheme for the DWIG system with diode bridge load was obtained. The component of the currents on the control-winding flux determines the instantaneous reactive power, and the component on the perpendicular direction of the flux decides the reactive power. The former one influences the DC voltage of the diode bridge on power winding and the latter one influences the DC voltage of the static excitation controller of control windings.

基于瞬时功率理论，推导出按控制绕组磁场定向时控制绕组的瞬时功率，在此基础上分析了带整流桥负载的定子双绕组感应电机发电系统在宽转速运行时的电压调节机理，即：控制绕组电流在控制绕组磁场及其法线上的分量，分别决定着发电系统功率绕组整流桥直流侧电压和控制绕组静止励磁控制器(static excitation controller，SEC)直流侧电压，据此提出宽转速运行时DWIG发电系统电压控制策略。

Motors wound for a given voltage at 50HZ can also be used for other voltage,Recalculation factors for current and torque are given

50Hz时给定电压的电机绕组也能连接到其他值的电压上。

It avoids the disturbance of the constant voltage source by imp roving the constant voltage source. It has high p recision and resolution, the measure resolution can be 0101℃, and p recision is ±011℃. The circuit has wide app lication with simp le structure, low cost, low power dissipation and small volume. It can be used in the p recise temperature measurement systems,such asmultip le thermal conductivitymeasurement.

用改进的电压测量电路间接测量热敏电阻的阻值，有效地克服了电压源的干扰，测量精度高，测量分辨率可达0101 ℃，测温准确度可达±011 ℃；并且该电路结构简单，成本低、功耗小、体积小，具有很高的实用价值，可用于需要精密测温的系统，如热导率测量仪的温度测量中。

Often divided into two types:(1) sine wave oscillator, according to the network oscillation frequency of the different loop selected further divided into RC sinusoidal oscillator, LC sinusoidal oscillators, quartz crystal oscillators, voltage-controlled oscillator, voltage-controlled crystal oscillator and other forms;(2) non-sinusoidal oscillation device, also known as relaxation oscillator, is the use of capacitor charging and discharging and active device (transistor, FET, single-junction transistor, etc.) to generate the pulse-off square wave, rectangular wave, triangle wave, sawtooth wave, or these basic waveforms synthetic waveform and its frequency by the LC time constant charge and discharge circuits to decide.

常分两大类型：（1）正弦波振荡器，根据振荡环路中选频网络的不同，又分为RC正弦波振荡器、LC正弦波振荡器、石英晶体振荡器、压控振荡器、压控石英晶体振荡器等多种形式；（2）非正弦波振荡器，又称张弛振荡器，是利用电容充放电及有源器件（晶体管、场效应管、单结晶体管等）的通断来产生脉冲方波、矩形波、三角波、锯齿波或这些基本波形的合成波形，其工作频率由LC充放电电路的时间常数来决定。

The dc voltage is obtained by rectifying and filtering the line voltage, most often by the diode-rectifier circuit.

对于一个交流电动机负载，其端电压要求是正弦的，其幅值和频率要求是可调的。

Voltage is obtained by rectifying and filtering the line voltage, most often by the diode-rectifier circuit.

对于一个交流电动机负载，其端电压要求是正弦的，其幅值和频率要求是可调的。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。