查询词典 voltage gradient

This paper investigates topological properties of the general gradient system, and demonstrates by results of differential topology that the boundedness of the general gradient system is equivalent to the boundedness of the potential energy boundary surface. Moreover, a general gradient system is bounded if, and only if the system has both sink point and source point.

该文研究了广义梯度系统的拓扑性质，应用微分拓扑学原理证明，广义梯度系统的完全稳定性与势能界面的有界性是等价的；广义梯度系统完全稳定当且仅当该系统既有渊点又有源点。

The results show that there are apparent temperature gradient, pressure gradient and concentration gradient in the mold.

对负压消失模车间排放废气的组成、温度、压力和流量进行了测试，选择了催化燃烧法作为消失模废气净化方法。

Then depended on the Gradient Projection Method, the gradient projection direction is deduced. The gradient direction is the basement for sensitivity analysis.

接着，根据投影梯度法，推导出了投影梯度方向，该方向是灵敏度分析的基础。

Until recently, the convergence of the Rosen"s arithmetic has been proved. The projection gradient method is the generalization of Steepest decent method to constraint problem. So it does have a faster convergence speed that the fastest decent method . To solve the problem, many researchers have generalizat the well-developed optimization with unconstraint to the Rosen"s gradient method. The conjugate gradient method is one of success to solve the problem.

投影梯度法是最速下降法对约束问题的推广，因此没有较快的收敛速度，为了解决这个问题很多中外学者把发展得比较成熟的无约束最优化算法作类似的推广，其中共轭梯度方法是近年发展的很成熟的方法，它具有计算简单，算法结构好，计算量少，具有良好的收敛性等优点，而Rosen投影梯度法的提出使寻找下降方向变得简单。

By using generalized projection matrix, conditions are given on the scalars in the three term-memory gradient direction to ensure that the three term-memory gradient projection direction is a descent direction. A new three term-memory gradient projection method for nonlinear programming with nonlinear equality and in-equality constraints is presented.

利用广义投影矩阵，对求解无约束规划的三项记忆梯度算法中的参数给一条件，确定它们的取值范围，以保证得到目标函数的三项记忆梯度广义投影下降方向，建立了求解非线性等式和不等式约束优化问题的三项记忆梯度广义投影算法，并证明了算法的收敛性。

Fist, comprehensive analysis on the current study on data processing is made, and characters of Newton methods about nonlinear surveying and mapping data processing are discussed, and then new solutions to parameters estimate with multi-sources, multi-types, multi-dimension, multi-precision bynonlinear least square are presented such as PSB algorithm, digital continuation and generalized digital continuation algorithm, cone model method, tensor analysis method, GCMA(mixed algorithm of gradient method and conjugate gradient method), combining algorithm based on Newton method and gradient method and confidence region and so on, and a new fast difference iterative algorithm is proposed towards parameters estimation containing random parameters in nonlinear models, and a new solutions to nonlinear least squares surveying and mapping adjustment by parameters estimation both considering the random and nonrandom parameters is presented after studying on nonlinear data processing in deformation monitoring, and at last primary analysis on error propagation of spatial data is made and approximate error propagation formula and error analysis formula to length and area are proposed.

首先比较全面分析了目前测量数据处理理论的研究现状，讨论了牛顿类方法在处理非线性模型参数估计方面的特点，研究并给出了求解多源、多类型、多维、多精度、非线性最小二乘测量平差参数估计的若干种新方法，这包括PSB算法、数值延拓及其广义数值延拓算法、锥模型法、张量分析法、基于最速下降法和牛顿法的组合算法、基于最速下降

According to the life form of species and their roles in communities, 6 species groups are used to do ordination analysis and environmental interpretation. The result suggests that:①Despite the strong man-made disturbance at lower altitude sites, the number and character of evergreen species show an change along the altitude gradient.②The rare and endangered species concentrated at two sectors along altitude gradient, corresponding to the upper and lower borders of the mountain mixed forest belt of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved species.③The pioneer tree species concentrated on the middle and upper positions at lower elevation.④The deciduous accompany tree species show a great diversity on middle and lower position at middle and higher elevation.⑤Coniferous species differentiate along elevation and local topographical gradient.⑥Deciduous species in Quercus, Castanea, Fagus, Carpinus genus as well as coniferous species play primary community-constructing roles at different topographical position at Dalaoling region.

根据物种生活型及其在植物群落中的地位，分6个种组进行排序和环境解释，表明：①尽管低海拔地段受到强烈人为干扰，常绿种类仍显示了数量和性质沿海拔梯度的变化；②珍稀物种在海拔梯度上形成两个相对集中的区段，大致对应于山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林带的上下边缘；③先锋树种在中低海拔的中上坡位富集；④在中、高海拔的中低坡位，落叶的乔木伴生种显示了极大的多样性；⑤为数不多的针叶树种在海拔和局部地形梯度上也有明确分异；⑥它们和落叶的栎、栗、水青冈、鹅耳枥属物种在大老岭地区不同地形部位的植被中起着主要的建群作用。

The surface of image can be looked as a curved surface, and we can simulate a conicoid function in local area. Based on this function we can estimate the gradient and the curvature of the curved surface points, and set proper thresholds of gradient and curvature, we can detect the centre lines of roads with correlative process including removing small areas, area growth, thinning, etc. Lastly through seting proper thresholds of the gradient and the curvature again, the original road junctions can be detected and then verified by the road lines detected formerly.

基于微分几何的道路交叉口识别方法：把影像的灰度表面看作是一个曲面，在局部区域内拟合一个二次曲面函数，通过该函数来估算梯度和曲率并设定合适的梯度和曲率阈值来检测道路中心线，并进行相关处理，例如去除小区域、区域增长、细化等，然后再设定合适的梯度和曲率阈值，检测出初始道路交叉口，并用检测出来的道路来进行确认。

To master the formation of medullary osmotic gradient, the relationship between medullary osmotic gradient and urine concentration and dilution, the role of visa recta in maintaining medullary osmotic gradient.

尿液的浓缩与稀释—了解肾髓质渗透梯度的形成，肾髓质渗透梯度与尿液浓缩稀释的关系，直小血管在维持肾髓质渗透梯度中的作用。

In order to fully refect the geo-tech basic mechanics behaviors and to rationally explain the strain localization, this paper establishes the theory framework of gradient-dependent plastic model based on the theory framework of gradient-dependent plastic mechanics and in considering the plastic strain's gradient-dependence in double yield function, offers a kind of possible concrete pattern of the generalized plas...

为了较全面地反映岩土的基本力学性质，同时合理解释应变局部化现象，本文基于广义塑性力学的理论框架，在双重屈服函数中考虑了塑性应变的梯度依赖，建立了广义塑性梯度模型的理论框架，并给出了广义塑性梯度模型的一种可能的具体形式，分析了该模型的各个模型参数，尤其是其中的&局部化参数&的物理意义和可能对其产生影响的因素。

Salt is good, but if the salt becomes flat and tasteless, with what do you season it?

14：33 盐本是好的，盐若失了味，可用什么叫它再咸呢？

He reiterated that the PLA is an army of the people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

他重申，人民解放军是在中国共产党领导下的人民军队。