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The intermediate-basic volcanic rocks with SiO2 content less than 57.48 wt% are high in Al2O3(20.22-16.34 wt%) and K2O, enriched in large ion lithophile elements, show obvious Nb, Ta negative anomaly, these are same to the basalts which formed in island arc. The andesite, dacite and rhyolite rocks with SiO2 content between 62.11-75.19 wt%, are similar with the I-type granitic rocks formed in island arc in their geochemistry. It is suggested that the Jueluotage area of East Tianshan was in island arc setting during Late Carboniferous, when the subduction of the ancient Asian Ocean was in progress.

其中w(SiO2)小于57.48%的中基性火山岩具有高w(Al2O3)(16.34%~20.22%)，较富钾，富集大离子亲石元素，具明显的Nb、Ta负异常；w(SiO2)介于62.11%~75.19%之间的安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩岩石化学特征与准铝质的Ⅰ型花岗质岩石相似，其地球化学特征也反映出岛弧花岗岩的特点，表明东天山觉罗塔格地区路白山一带在晚石炭世仍处于古亚洲洋向南俯冲的岛弧环境。

Petrological,geochemical and Nd,Sr,Pb isotopic studies indicate that the ore-hosting volcanic rocks of Xiongcun supperlarge copper-gold deposit in the Gangdese copper belt, Tibet belong to dacite porphyry with ultro-shallow emplacement.

岩石学、地球化学和Nd、Sr、Pb同位素研究表明，西藏冈底斯铜矿带雄村特大型铜金矿床的容矿火山岩为一套具超浅成侵入特点的英安斑岩，SiO2含量集中在61.97%～64.31%之间，富Na2O、低K2O， Na2O/K2O比值平均为5.25。

Early Cretaceous granitic volcanic-intrusive complex in Xiushanlinchang of northeastern Da Hinggan Mt. consists mainly of rhyolite, rhyolite ignimbrite-trachytic dacite, trachyandesite formed in eruptive cycle stage and adamellite porphyry-geode syenogranite-graphic alkali feldspar syenogranite formed in hypabyssal invasion stage.

大兴安岭东北部秀山林场一带的早白垩世花岗质火山－侵入杂岩体由喷发旋回期的流纹岩、流纹质熔结凝灰岩－粗面英安岩、粗安岩和浅成侵入期的二长花岗斑岩－晶洞正长花岗岩－文象碱长正长花岗岩构成。

The Mesozoic volcanic rocks are mainly located in Huoshiling Formation and Yingcheng Formation. The former consists of basaltic andesite, trachyandesite and dacite, the latter is composed of basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite and rhyolite. The cathodoluminesence images and high Th/U ratios of the zircons suggest their magmatic origin.

松辽盆地南部中生代含火山岩地层主要包括火石岭组和营城组，其中火石岭组火山岩由玄武安山岩－粗安岩－粗面英安岩组成，营城组火山岩由玄武质粗面安山岩－粗面安山岩－流纹岩组成。

The study shows that volcanic magma origin has relatively no change, and comesfrom mantle source areas, which have similar geochemical characteristic, the volcanicrock erupted during the depositional period of Dongying division 2 contrasts withother period, so the relative hasty mantle diapir penetration in this period is relatedwith intensive basin extending and chasmic stage.

研究认为，本区火山岩浆来源于相对较为固定，较为类似地球化学特点的地幔源区，东营组二段沉积时期所喷发的火山岩与其他时期的火山岩成分形成对比，推断该时期盆地强烈伸展裂陷与相对快速的地幔底辟上隆相联系。

The study shows that in various continental downfaulted basins in eastern China,the China East Sea basin of the southeast sea region and the continental shelf—Qiongdongnan basin and Zhujiangkou basin—of the northern South China Sea,CO2 in CO2 reservoirs and CO2-rich oil/gas reservoirs is of typical volcanic mantle-derived type and that its migration and concentration is mainly controlled by mantle-derived volcanism and gas-conducting distribution of deep basement faults connected with the gas source at depth. CO2 is mainly sourced from substantial amount of CO2 associated with mantle-derived volcanism at the deep level of the crust. CO2 in the CO2 reservoirs and CO2-rich oil/gas reservoirs in the Yinggehai basin on the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea is of crust origin and crust-mantle mixing origin and mainly controlled by local,layer-by-layer and zone-by-zone,multiple intrusion of late hydrothermal fluids in mud diapir areas and physico-chemical processes of very thick Pliocene-Miocene marine calcareous sandstone and mudstone.

研究表明，中国东部陆上诸断陷盆地与东南沿海海域的东海盆地及南海北部大陆架琼东南盆地和珠江口盆地CO2气藏及高含CO2油气藏中，CO2均属典型的火山幔源型成因，其运聚富集主要受控于幔源型火山活动与沟通深部气源的基底深大断裂的导气配置作用，CO2气源主要来自地壳深部幔源火山活动伴生的大量CO2；南海北部大陆架西区莺歌海盆地CO2气藏及含CO2油气藏中的CO2，属于壳源型及壳幔混合型成因，主要受控于泥底辟热流体晚期分层分块多期的局部上侵活动与沉积巨厚海相含钙砂泥岩的物理化学作用，其运聚分布具多期和分层分区的特点。

The distributive range and thickness of volcanic rocks can be predicted by their seismic reflection features,and the distributive law can be analysed by strata whose geology is revealed through well drilling.

通过火山岩在地震上的反射特征，可预测火山岩的分布范围和厚度；通过钻井地质揭示的地层，可研究火山岩的分布规律。

A gas grill and tool storage cabinet built into a mossy volcanic rock retaining wall does double-duty in the Sierra foothills of California's Gold Country, while a semicircular brick fire pit provides warmth on cloudy evenings in the coastal Pacific Northwest.

阿燃气烧烤和工具柜变成长满青苔的火山挡土墙没有双加州的黄金国责任的塞拉利昂岩山麓兴建，而半圆形砖火坑提供了关于西北太平洋沿海多云晚上温暖。

The dripstone is up to 4cm×12cm with complicated compositions owing to the volcanic, metamorphic and sedimentary origin.

滴石最大粒径可达4cm×12cm，成分复杂，有火山岩、变质岩及沉积岩。

At the same time, the four different genesis types of the sequence interfaces are divided: orogenic erosive sequence unconformity interface, uplift erosive sequence unconformity interface, transgression onlap sequence unconformity interface, exposural sequence unconformity interface; simultaneously the ten concrete mineral showing forms are summarized, i.e. paleo-weathering crust, drossy layer, river rejuvenation surface, paleo-karst surface, slope gravity current erosion surface, intrabasin turbid flow erosion surface, volcanic events surface, lithologic and lithofacies conversion surface, onlap surface and maximium sea flooding surface.

同时归纳出了4种不同的层序界面成因类型：造山侵蚀层序不整合界面、升隆侵蚀层序不整合界面、海侵上超层序不整合界面和暴露层序不整合界面等；同时总结出10种具体的物质表现形式，即：古风化壳、渣状层、河流回春作用面、古喀斯特作用面、斜坡重力流冲刷侵蚀面、盆地内浊流侵蚀面、火山事件作用面、岩性、岩相转换面、上超面和最大海泛面。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。