查询词典 volcanic rock

Rare samples of mother rock 'kimberlite', from Siberia, South Africa and Australia, displayed as an introduction to the geological section of the museum,- how diamonds originate from a volcanic magma, formed in the earth's mantle, 100 - 200 km below the earth's surface, and are transported through volcanic pipes to the earth's surface.

陈列了来自西伯利亚、南非和澳大利亚的罕见的金伯利岩样本。通过对它们的地质解理面的介绍，来说明钻石在火山岩浆中的形成过程，即钻石是在100~200公里的地幔中形成，随着火山爆发被喷射到地球表面。一个显示全世界钻石产量的模型（0.4立方米大小）是博物馆的精粹，就这0.4立方米的钻石，养活着全球200多万钻石业人。

Silicalites, predominated by pelitic silicalite, occur in collisional zones and back-arc basins. In the collisional zones, they occur as rock sheet as an important part ofophiolitic mé lange, belonging to ophiolitic mélange type silicalite. In the back-arc or interarc basin, they occur as pelitic silicalite intercalation varying in thickness, characteristic of "silica merl",and belonging to abyssal back-arc basin type or carbonate type silicalite. In the magmatic arc, they occur as intercalation related to volcanic hydrotherm or volcalic exhalation, belonging to volcanic arc type silicalite.

在硅质岩方面：冈底斯构造带侏罗系硅质岩主要属泥质硅质岩，在各个碰撞结合带和弧后盆地中均有产出，主要的产出状态有：①在碰撞结合带中呈岩块产出，构成蛇绿混杂岩的重要组成部分，属蛇绿混杂岩型硅质岩；②在弧后或弧间盆地中呈厚度不等的泥质硅质岩夹层产出，常具"硅灰泥"特征，属弧后深水盆地型硅质岩；③呈夹层状产于弧火山岩系中，属火山热液或火山喷气型硅质岩。

The rocks from Sharp Island are of volcanic origin. One of the examples is the rhyolite formed by viscous lava spewed from the volcano vents can be found near the caldera edge. The southern part of Jin Island was being eroded by waves which led the head land was separared from the main rock to form sea stack called "Tiu Chung Rock". As the erosion proceeds, there is a 30m high long sea arch developed called "Tiu Chung Arch".

桥咀洲的岩石大多源於火山，其中包括流纹岩，由附近火山喷道喷出的稠熔岩形成，属破火山口边的产物；吊钟洲南面长期受著海浪拍打侵蚀，使岬角与岩体分离形成海蚀柱名为「吊钟岩」，因海浪持续的侵蚀，岩中续渐形成一个高30米的长形海蚀拱「吊钟洞」。

Petrological and petrochemical characteristics show that there exist such volcanic and subvolcanic rock types as basalt, iddingsite olivine basalt, olivine basaltic trachyandesite, trachybasalt, latite, trachydacite, trachyte, rhyolite, tuff and granite-porphyry in northeast Jiangxi Province. The volcanic rocks can be subdivided into high K calc-alkaline series, shoshonite series and alkaline basalt series.

岩石学及岩石化学特征表明，赣东北地区早白垩世火山岩及次火山岩主要有：玄武岩、伊丁石化橄榄玄武岩、橄榄玄武粗安岩、粗面玄武岩、安粗岩、粗面英安岩、粗面岩、流纹岩、凝灰岩及花岗斑岩等，可划分为高钾钙碱性、橄榄安粗岩和碱性玄武岩3个系列。

Deposition can occur when sediments settle onto the surface of the Earth and later lithify into sedimentary rock, or when as volcanic material such as volcanic ash or lava flows, blanket the surface.

当沉积物聚集于地表，接着被岩化为沉积岩时，则可以产生沉淀，或者火山灰或熔岩流等火山物质覆盖地表时也挥发生。

Silicalites, predominated by pelitic silicalite, occur in collisional zones and back-arc basins. In the collisional zones, they occur as rock sheet as an important part ofophiolitic mé lange, belonging to ophiolitic mélange type silicalite. In the back-arc or interarc basin, they occur as pelitic silicalite intercalation varying in thickness, characteristic of "silica merl",and belonging to abyssal back-arc basin type or carbonate type silicalite. In the magmatic arc, they occur as intercalation related to volcanic hydrotherm or volcalic exhalation, belonging to volcanic arc type silicalite.

在硅质岩方面：冈底斯构造带侏罗系硅质岩主要属泥质硅质岩，在各个碰撞结合带和弧后盆地中均有产出，主要的产出状态有：①在碰撞结合带中呈岩块产出，构成蛇绿混杂岩的重要组成部分，属蛇绿混杂岩型硅质岩；②在弧后或弧间盆地中呈厚度不等的泥质硅质岩夹层产出，常具&硅灰泥&特征，属弧后深水盆地型硅质岩；③呈夹层状产于弧火山岩系中，属火山热液或火山喷气型硅质岩。

The Paleoproterozoic Beidahe Group-complex remains as continental shivers in the interior of the North Qilian orogen. In its early stage of development, there occurred abundant amphibolite. The protolith of the amphibolite is basalts. The Alk-∑FeO-MgO plot, REE features and Rittmann index show that the protolith belongs to the calc-alkaline suite and exceptionally shows the subalkaline character. The rock is characterized by higher Al2O3 and ∑FeO and lower Mg#, indicating that it has a higher degree of compositional evolution and that the formation of volcanic rocks is related to activation of older crust. Highly fractionated REE patterns and amphibolite on the Ti-Zr-Y plot, Ni-FeO/MgO plot and Ta/Yb-Th/Yb plot all indicate the characteristics of volcanic arcs and active continental margins. On the geochemical diagram of basalt, the overall REE features are in the main analogous to those of calc-alkaline island-arc basalt, with Sr87/Sr86=0.71617–0.72033,Nd143/Nd144=0.512414–0.512495 and εNd=–2.79 to –4.37,εSr=245.78–305.3, showing that the magma was derived from the crust or subjected to contamination with the lower crust below the continent.

提要：以大陆碎块形式残存于北祁连造山带内部的古元古代北大河岩群早期发育有大量的斜长角闪岩，其原岩为玄武岩，Alk—∑FeO—MgO图解，REE特征，里特曼组合指数等均显示斜长角闪岩属钙碱性系列范围，个别显示弱碱性，斜长角闪岩具有较高的Al2O3，∑FeO和低的Mg#，这些特点反映其成分演化程度较高，表明火山岩的形成与古老地壳的活化有关，有较强分异的稀土元素分配模式，在Ti—Zr—Y图，Ni—FeO/MgO图解和Ta/Yb—Th/Yb图解上斜长角闪岩均显示火山弧或活动大陆边缘的特点，在玄武岩的地球化学形式图，稀土元素整体特征与钙碱性岛弧玄武岩基本相同；87Sr/86Sr=0.716 17～0.720 33， 143Nd/144Nd=0.512 414～0.512 495，εNd=-2.79～-4.37。

The main body of the outcropping rock layer is composed of deep gray trachyte of Baitoushan formation of mid-Pleistocene series and yellow, brown yellow volcanic-tuff crust of weather. This kind of structure that weak layers and hard layers emerge alternately contributes to the instability of rock mass.

长白山一带出露的地层主体为中更新统白头山组深灰色粗面岩及黄色、褐黄色火山凝灰岩、火山灰风化壳，这种软硬相间的层状地层组合为岩体的失稳创造了条件，岩体失稳产生的堆积物为泥石流准备了充足的固体物质。

The continental volcanic-, subvolcanic rock-type Ag deposit s are the most important silver mining industry type, and they mostly occur in the areas where continental volcanic rocks are widespread at the margins of continental plates.

银是我国的紧缺矿种，也是全世界最走俏的金属商品，世界各国都在积极寻找新的银矿床。

The relationships between large igneous rock province, mantle plume and petroleum show that there is a low velocity-high conductive layer of mid-crust in the basin and this layer is the main source of oil and gas. Weathered granites and volcanic rocks are the best reservoir beds for hydrocarbon accumulation and the faults are the main migration pathway. It is suggested that granite and volcanic reservoirs be the future exploration targets.

通过研究花岗岩和火山岩油气藏的形成模式，指出大火成岩省、地幔柱与油气的关系表明盆地中地壳的低速－高导层可能是油气的主要来源，而花岗岩、火山岩的风化壳是油气成藏的最佳储集层，断裂则是其最主要的运移通道，花岗岩和火山岩油气藏将是未来勘探的重要目标。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。