查询词典 vehicle wheel

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

In October, 1883, he established "the benzene tribuluscompany and the Lai 茵 coal gas engine plant", in 1885 he has madethe first benzene tribulus patent vehicle at Mannheim, this vehicle isa three-wheeled automobile, uses a two strokes simplexes 0.9horsepower gasoline engine, this vehicle has had modern automobilesome essential features, like the spark ignition, the water coolingcirculation, the steel pipe frame, the spring 悬架, the rear wheeldrive front wheel changes and applies the brake the handle and so on.

苯茨，首次试验成功一台二冲程试验性发动机。1883年10月，他创立了&苯茨公司和莱茵煤气发动机厂&，1885年他在曼海姆制成了第一辆苯茨专利机动车，该车为三轮汽车，采用一台两冲程单缸0.9马力的汽油机，此车具备了现代汽车的一些基本特点，如火花点火、水冷循环、钢管车架、钢板弹簧悬架、后轮驱动前轮转向和制动手把等。

Because the automobile applies the brake the braking force which needs to be quite big, and is quite frequent, therefore the automobile applies the brake mainly to use the air compressor and the hydraulic pump energizes, the corresponding braking system respectively is the barometric pressure braking system and the hydraulic brake system; The human body mechanical energy mainly uses in the passenger vehicle in the vehicle arresting gear, the driver draws the hand brake lever or steps on presses the foot pedal dive flap, carries on effectively through the steel wire after the wheel applies the brake in the vehicle, prevents the vehicles stop when the landslide or slides moves.

由于汽车制动所需的制动力比较大且比较频繁，所以汽车制动主要采用空气压缩机和液压泵供能，对应的制动系统分别是气压制动系统和液压制动系统；人体机械能则主要用于轿车的驻车制动装置，驾驶者拉动手制动杆或踩压脚踏制动板，通过钢索对后车轮进行有效的驻车制动，以防止车辆停车时滑坡或溜动。

Treads the beat to start, may choose the advance on the steering wheel or back up, the unique steering wheel also has the music sound production function, dozens of pleasant to hear worlds names ballad, absolutely can let you the baby play happy is excited, comfortable skid resistant flannelette gasification cushion, but also has the safety belt oh, in addition the unique gasification type guards against hits the automobile body, just like has all around packed the security aerocyst in yours baby, in addition the vehicle speed control in each hour 2.5 kilometers, simply Don't worry "the collision" the accident possibly the injury which brought to the baby, the storage battery which the use specially made, charged for 6-8 hour, might open 45-60 minute, The storage battery does not need from the vehicle to take out then completes the charge.

踏板式启动，在方向盘上就可选择前进或倒退，独特的方向盘还带有音乐发声功能，数十首好听的世界名谣，绝对会让您的宝宝玩得开心又兴奋，舒适的防滑绒布充气坐垫，还带有安全带哦，加上独特的充气式防撞车身，犹如在您的宝宝四周装满了安全气囊，加上车速控制在每小时2.5公里以内，根本不用担心"撞车"事故可能给宝宝带来的伤害，使用特制的电瓶，充电6-8个小时，可开上45-60分钟，电瓶无须从车中取出即可完成充电。

The key technologies of ABS based on slip-ratio consist of processing of wheel speed and calculation of wheel acceleration, estimation of vehicle velocity, estimation of the optimal slip-ratio, and the control strategy of ABS. In order to improve the performance of conventional ABS, the above mentioned key technologies and corresponding realization algorithms had been investigated in this paper, and the ABS product equipped in vehicle for performance test had been manufactured.

结合车辆动力学控制的最佳ABS系统是以车轮滑移率为控制目标的ABS系统，它涉及到一系列关键技术研究，如轮速信号的处理方法和轮加速度信号的计算方法、车身速度估计方法、最佳滑移率估计方法和ABS的控制方法等。

At driving bit mounted on the steering wheel airbag middle position, co-pilot-bit airbag installed in front of the platform itself, the accident happened at the moment can effectively protect the driver and co-occupant spaces of the head and chest, because facing fierce collision will happen cause the vehicle in front of large deformation, and the vehicle occupant as the inertia of this heavy dive forward, causing the car with each other percussive elements, while driving the location of the car airbag can effectively to prevent the steering wheel when the collision happened at the top of the chest to the motorists to avoid the fatal injuries.

在正驾驶位的气囊装在方向盘的中间位置，副驾驶位的安全气囊安装在正前方的平台内部，在意外发生的瞬间可以有效的保护驾驶员和副驾驶位乘员的头部和胸部，因为正面发生的猛烈碰撞会导致车辆前方大幅度的变形，而车内乘员会随着这股猛烈的惯性向前俯冲，造成跟车内构件的相互撞击，另外车内正驾驶位置的安全气囊可以有效的防止在发生碰撞时方向盘顶到驾驶者的胸部，避免致命的伤害。

Italian PIAGGIO company in on century 50\'s most classical most famous light cavalries motorcycle product, once because of "the Roman Holiday" the center miraculous glow one presently is all the rage the world at the movie, nowadays only has NEWRAY to obtain this section model the manufacture authorization, the extremely rare graceful modelling, the entire white, 1 to 6 ultra was great proportions, the entire vehicle completely is made by the zinc base alloy material quality, left side of trailing wheel Chu Wuxiang all might open, the steering handle might rotate, all wheels all are the activities, evaded including the trailing wheel shakes is hanging all is the genuine spring oh, entire Che Anyuan vehicle entire simulation manufacture, The ultra fine paint surface works, entire Che Touzhuo a Italy character and style is in sole possession of romantic breath, also does not lose the detail to decide all perfect principles!

意大利 PIAGGIO公司在上世纪50年代最经典最著名的轻骑摩托车产品，曾因在电影《罗马假日》中的灵光一现而风靡全世界，现今只有NEWRAY得到该款模型的制作授权，非常罕见的优雅造型，全白色，1比6超大比例，整车全部由锌合金材质制成，后轮左侧的储物箱都可打开，车把可转动，所有车轮都是活动的，连后轮避震悬挂都是真正的弹簧哦，整车按原车全仿真制造，超精致的漆面做工，全车透着一股意大利风情独有的浪漫气息，也不失细节决定一切的完美主义！

In order to meet various type of vehicle service needs, the corporate invests nearly 2,000,000 Yuan purchased some domestic first-class engine malfunction diagnosis equipment such as Launch X431TOOL series decoder, Launch KES-200 engine comprehensive analyzer, the exhaust analyzer, the automobile multimeter and so on and the international top malfunction diagnosis equipment such as BOSCH KTS540 decoder, BOSCH FSA740 engine comprehensive analyzer; also purchased some chassis test and service equipment such as lifting machine, four wheel aligner, the detection line, the wheel dynamic balancer, the tire sufficient nitrogen machine and so on; as well as purchased the automobile body adjuster ,the outline repair machine, the carbon dioxide protection welding machine, the roasts tand japanning room and so on; also purchased various oil route exempt opening type cleaner and ultrasonic wave dirt clearer; The company has also purchased various vehicle necessary special-purpose removal and installation tools.

为满足各类型轿车维修需要，公司投资近200万元购置了元征X431TOOL系列解码器、元征KES-200发动机综合分析仪、尾气分析仪、汽车万用表等国内一流的发动机故障诊断设备和国际顶级发动机故障诊断设备博世KTS540解码器、博世FSA740发动机综合分析仪；购置了举升机、四轮定位仪、检测线、轮胎平衡机、轮胎充氮机等底盘检测维修设备；购置了车身矫正仪、外形修复机、二氧化碳保护焊机、烤漆房等钣金喷涂设备；购置了各类油路免拆清洗机及超声波污垢清洗机等清洗设备；公司还购置了与各车型配套的专用拆装工具。

A vehicle testing system includes a wheel plate constructed and arranged to support a vehicle wheel.

一种车辆测试系统，包括轮板，所述轮板构建和设置为支撑车辆的车轮。

Once the structure of cohesive shaft coupler is determined, the characteristic of rotating toque can be adjusted and transferred automatically by rotation speed difference to drive one axle, that makes a tow wheel drive motor vehicle change to a four wheel drive motor vehicle easily.

粘性联轴器一经确定结构，即可通过转速差自动调节传递转矩的特性，驱动一个桥，使两轮驱动汽车轻易变为四轮驱动汽车。

The circulation, consumption and reproduction of the trilogy have not only testified to its historical significance and literariness, but also invested it with new meanings.

该三部曲的流通、消费与再生产不仅验证了其历史意义及文学性，而切还赋予它以新的意义。

If he thought that he could buy me off, he would be wrong.

如果他认为他可以收买我，那他就大错特错了。