查询词典 vector-potential

Is a directed surface. is the unit normal vector of at ,then is called the flux of the vector field across ,and is called the divergence of the vector field ,denoted by div .

是场内的一有向曲面，是在点处的单位法向量，则叫做向量场通过曲面的通量，而叫做向量场的散度，记做。

The divergence of the vector field w; it is the dot product of the vector operator with the vector w , or .

向量场w的散度；为向量算符与向量 w 的内积，或。

The article by several opposite examples illustrated the former method of finding vector group's maximum linearly independent vector group is imperfect, sometimes even lead to wrong results. The method is that make use of row vector as matrix and then change matrix by performing elementary row operation.

本文通过几个反例说明了在求向量组的极大无关组时，以往普遍使用的以向量为行向量作矩阵，再对矩阵作初等行变换的方法是不完善的，甚至会导致错误的结果。

An elliptic rotating field is produced when an induction motor operates in asymmetry, this paper proposes a model of jointed motion to describe the motion of an elliptic rotating vector and states that the elliptic rotating vector is jointed with two components, the main one rotates forward at a uniform speed while the adjunctive one jointed at the topend of the main one rotates backward around the joint point at a double speed, both make the elliptic rotating vector rotate at swinging amplitude, speed and direction.

感应电机不对称运转时产生椭圆旋转磁场，本文建立了描述椭圆旋转矢量的接合运动模式，说明椭圆旋转矢量是由一个主矢量带动一个付矢量一起旋转构成的接合矢量，主矢量以匀速旋转，付矢量链接在主矢量顶端同时绕着链接点相对主矢量以二倍速反向旋转，两者共同构成的一个单向椭圆旋转矢量。

After theoretic analyzing support vector machine technique, the equipollence of support vector classification and regression problems is proofed, and a uniformed expression of support vector machine problem is gotten. The noise stained case is studied emphatically, and the experiment shows that a better result will be obtained by assigning weight factor to fit noise distribute characteristic. A multi-multiplier minimal optimization algorithm for norm-1 problems is deduced, and a kind of improved Gilbert geometric algorithm for norm-2 problems is introduced, which is applied in regression problems successfully.

课题细致深入地讨论和研究了软测量模型的三个基本问题，首先是软测量模型的可实现性，即软测量模型存在唯一解的条件，以及知识利用的度量等一些相关的概念，体现出混合软测量模型在知识利用有效性上的优势；然后对模型不确定性的概念进行了讨论，研究了模型可靠性问题，得出测量精度与软测量模型可靠性之间的关系；最后讨论了软测量模型与传统软测量方法的关系，说明软测量模型是传统软测量方法的发展。

In order to implement the algorithm, a linearization method is applied in an extremely short sampling cycle to calculate the increments of torque and flux magnitude, to derive the linear equation between the desired stator flux linkage vector increment angle and the increments of torque and flux magnitude, to derive the stator voltage vector reference and to determine the next position of the stator flux linkage vector.

算法的实现运用了线性化的方法，在一个极小的采样周期内，计算出转矩增量和磁通增量，以此推导出所需的定子磁链增量角与转矩增量及磁通增量两者之间的线性方程，进一步导出所需的定子电压矢量，并确定新的定子磁链位置。

Results:The results showed that all of four mdr1-shRNA expression vector can significantly knockdown the expression of p-glycoprotein as compared with control vector,moreover,the vector targeting 508-526 sites of MDR1 gene is the best one.

结果：与对照载体相比，构建的4个MDR1-shRNA质粒载体均能有效下调MDR1的表达，P-糖蛋白的功能也明显降低，其中508-526靶位点的shRNA作用效果最好。

Maxwell's equations group in fact was already found in the basic experimental laws of electromagnetic phenomena, as well as a single magnetic pole does not exist on the facts and the integrated displacement current assumptions, using an international system of units, these equations can be written as: DivDW =ρ or DW =ρ(1) kiDivBq = 0 or Bq = 0 (2) kiCurlEBq =- Zt or × EqkZ =- BqZt (3) ZCurlHDWDW = jE Zt, or × HW = jE Zkt (4) Z-type in the Curl, and Div were vector operator curl and divergence, Micro-k points for the Hamiltonian operator, in the rectangular coordinate system,= iZZEkx jEy kqz, iE, jE, kq along Zx, y, z-axis unit vector, a vector for any AW are × AW = CurlAW, kAW = DivAW; DW for the electric displacement, Bq for the magnetic induction intensity, Eq, and HW, respectively i field and electric field strength, jY for the conduction current density,ρ the charge density for free.

麦克斯韦方程组实际上是当时已发现的电磁现象的基本实验定律以及单个磁极不存在的事实和位移电流假设的综合，采用国际单位制，这些方程式可写成：DivDW＝ρ或DW＝ρ（1）kiDivBq＝0或Bq＝0（2）kiCurlEBq＝－Zt或×EqkZ＝－BqZt（3）ZCurlHDWDW＝jE＋Zt或×HW＝jE＋Zkt（4）Z式中Curl和Div分别为矢量算符旋度和散度，为哈密顿微k分算符，在直角坐标系中，＝iZZEkx＋jEy＋kqz，iE，jE，kq是沿Zx、y、z轴的单位矢量，对任一矢量AW有×AW＝CurlAW，kAW＝DivAW；DW为电位移，Bq为磁感应强度，Eq和HW分别为电i场和磁场强度，jY为传导电流密度，ρ为自由电荷密度。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

The integral steering vector of coherently distributed source is deduced to be a Schur-Hadamard product comprising the steering vector of the point source and a real vector. And then a second statistics is proposed for the data collected at subarray X, the rotational invariance matrices can be estimated based on propagator method.

该算法通过将积分形式的相干分布式信源方向向量化简为点信源方向向量与实向量的Schur-Hadamard积，对子阵X接收的数据构造二阶统计量；利用传播因子最小二乘估计子阵X与Z，X与W之间的旋转不变矩阵。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。