查询词典 vector flow of vector field

It tells particularly the debris flow"s the encironment and the development characteristic by numbers . And according to its character , selecting the latest research results at present , the anthor calculates the debris flow"s the moving , dynamical characteristics and the scale , such as , the velocity of flow , the wallop , the peak value flux , and the total flux . And the anthor calculates density in different design frequency by the empirical formula method . In the text, the author uses the modle of evaluating a single gully to evaluate the risk of the debris flow . First , the author calculates the hazard degree in different design frequency , and forecasts the risk range of debris flow in Shenjia gully based on the maximum pile thickness and the total solid amount of a denbris flow . Then , on the basis of the risk range in different design frequency , the author carries out the damageability and risk assessment . The basic purpose of risk management is reducing risk or transferring risk , reducing the loss of life and property . The text constructs the system of risk management of debris flow in Shenjia gully , basis on the condition of Shenjia gully .

本文从地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、气象水文等方面系统地阐述了深家沟泥石流的发育环境及发育特征；分别从形成区、流通区、堆积区对深家沟流域特征进行描述；依据泥石流沟自身特点，选用现阶段最新的研究成果，推算了不同设计频率下的深家沟泥石流流速、峰值流量、总流量、冲击力等动力特征和规模数据；并且根据经验公式法来确定深家沟不同设计频率下的泥石流容重；本文采用单沟泥石流风险评价模型对深家沟泥石流进行风险评价，首先对不同的设计频率下的深家沟泥石流进行危险度评价，根据最大堆积厚度与一次泥石流冲出量来预测不同频率下的泥石流危险范围，然后，根据预测的评估范围，评价对应范围内的易损度，最后作出风险评价；城镇泥石流风险管理的根本目的是降低风险或转移风险，减少生命财产的损失，本论文根据泸定深家沟泥石流的具体情况，构建了深家沟泥石流风险管理体系。

The major achievement of this paper is: Based on characteristics of the traffic data distribution, execute pattern recognition operations on traffic condition on two dimensions by clustering, then use BP neural network to describe and forecast traffic flow aiming at each pattern. Making use of classic flow-occupancy inverse "V" model, implement polynomial fitting using least-squares algorithm and statistics method on flow curves to detect outliers which are proved to be not accord with practice through the actual implement, then use the moving average model to recorrect the outliers and absent. Make correlation analysis on muti-direction flow queues of the intersection and ones of upriver intersections, choose flow queue with high correlation as assistant one to improve the error tolerance of the prediction system, at the same time we can use the method to give an estimation of flow in intersection with out sensors. We design and implement an SOA(Service-Oriented Architecture)-based UTDD(urban traffic data mining development) with high expansibility and performance, which implement unified management and call of the data-mining application though defining a XML-based description of data-mining process and a common interface to call data-mining process, finally we build traffic flow prediction application model on UTDD.

根据交通流量数据分布的特征，提出基于k-means的二次聚类方法，对交通流量在流量大小和时间上进行模式划分，进而对各个交通流模式进行基于BP神经网络的描述和预测，从而提高模型对流量预测的精度； 2）根据流量/时间占有率倒&V&字形曲线分布模型，提出基于最小二乘法的三次多项式曲线拟合和统计方法的异常检测方法，实际应用表明该方法能够有效识别异常数据，然后根据移动平均算法对异常数据进行修正； 3）基于序列相关性分析，分别对预测方向的交通流量数据序列、上游路口相关序列以及预测路口其它各个方向上的交通流量序列进行分析，选择相似性流量序列，作为辅助序列提供其他没有检测器路口的流量估计； 4）设计和实现了基于SOA（Service-Oriented Achitecture）的高性能、可扩展的智能交通数据挖掘系统UTDD，该系统通过定义基于XML的数据挖掘过程描述和通用的过程模型接口，实现数据挖掘应用的统一管理和调用，最后在UTDD上建立了基于路口流量预测的应用模型。

This study choose Changle Gaoya reservoir irrigation areas as the study sites, through the installation of different ultrasonic equipment on open channel of non-uniform flow to study the flow gauging of non-uniform flow in open channel:(1)5 tracks ultrasonic open channel flow meter used to real-time monitoring the flow of velocity ,water depth and discharge;(2)Ultrasonic liquid level gauge used to real-time measure the upper level and tail level of the two sections ,then the computer calculated average water level, gradient of water table and discharge;(3)Change the open channel water conveyance into pipeline full flow water conveyance, installed the ultrasonic liquid level gauge and pipe flow gauge on the inflow point and surface of pipe, water level and discharge would detect in real time.

本研究以山东省昌乐县高崖水库灌区为研究地点，通过安装在灌溉明渠上的不同超声波设备对明渠非均匀流的测流进行了研究：(1)用五声波超声波明渠流量计对测流渠段的流速、水深及流量进行了实时监测；(2)用超声波液位计将测流渠段的上下游两断面水位实时测出，再用计算机分时段算出平均水位、水面坡降及流量；(3)将测流渠段明渠输水改造成管道满流输水，分别在管道进口前及管管上安装超声波液位计和管道式流量计，将水位和流量实时测出。

In the direction of flow between the first cross section (50) of flow and the second cross section (52) of flow, a third cross section (54) of flow is formed between the valve member (40) and the valve housing (36), said third cross section (54) of flow being larger than the first cross section (50) of flow and the second cross section (52) of flow.

在流动方向上在第一通流横截面(50)与第二通流横截面(52)之间在阀元件(40)与阀壳体(36)之间形成第三通流横截面(54)，该第三通流横截面大于第一通流横截面(50)和第二通流横截面(52)。

At the super-low permeable reservior sandstone of Fu and Yang in Daqing Oilfield, many pore throats exist a lot in the types of compacted and restored flakes and curved lamellas while the pore volume of micropore and the thin, compacted and shrunken throat that contribute little to flow take large scale in the total pore space. Thereof high filtrational resistance is caused by much trouble including high content of reservoir shale, serious sensibility to pressure at waterflooding, remarkable effects of undersaturation and water blocks in micropore. A method with laboratory experiment, theoretical confirmation and field application included was adopted to analyze the non-linear flow characteristics, to reveal the deep mechanism of pinhole enveloping macropore and to provide a new technology of improving the development effect. The outcomes aquired are as follows: Multiple cores with different low and super-low permeability were selected to perform seepage experiments by gas, water and oil. Three fields of flow were observed in the reservoir at different low and super-low core permeability. They are pseudo- elastic flow, transition flow and plastic creep flow. So the concept that there was no correlation of rocky absolute permeability with fluid properties that pasted itself was broken up. Two-phase seepage of water displacing oil in uniform super-low permeability shows that the two-phase seepage zone is narrow.

针对大庆油田扶、杨特低渗透油层砂岩孔隙喉道的大小和形态以压实再生型片状、弯片状喉道分布较广，压实、缩小型细喉道型，微孔不可流动的孔隙体积所占总孔隙体积的比例较大的特点；及储层泥质含量高，注水开发中压力敏感性强、微孔隙欠饱和及水锁效应显著，导致流体渗流阻力增大的问题，本文采用室内实验、理论推证和矿场应用相结合的方法，研究、分析了流体非线性渗流特征，更深刻地揭示出小孔包围大孔的机理及产生原因，并提供了改善开发效果的新的技术方法，取得如下成果：选择不同渗透率的低渗透、特低渗透岩心，进行了气、水和油单相渗流实验，揭示出当岩心渗透率不同时，油层内的流体呈现出拟弹性流变、过渡流变、塑性蠕变三种流变区，从而打破了岩心的绝对渗透率与通过岩心流体性质无关的观点；同类特低渗透岩心的水驱油两相渗流实验表明，两相渗流区较窄。

It is available to carry out numerical simulation and fluid dynamic analysis further. Based on Frozen-Rotor Approach and Rotor-Stator Approach, the numerical simulation was carried out in the centrifugal pump and the numerical results showed that the flow in the impeller and volute of centrifugal pump is periodically unsteady. Due to the interaction between impeller and volute the flow is characterized by pressure fluctuations and it is the strongest at impeller outlet and at the vicinity of the tongue. The unsteady pressure fluctuations are also one of the most important reasons to induce vibration and noise. Secondly, the flow field of the volute is characteristic of the vortex flow, and the vortex flow presents very complicated developing process which is creating, increasing and dissipating every now and then. All these lead to very large flow loss in the volute.

采用Frozen-Rotor冻结转子模式和Rotor-Stator滑移界面模式系统开展了不同工况下离心泵内叶轮与蜗壳耦合的定常和非定常流动研究，结果表明由于叶轮与蜗壳的干扰蜗壳进口周向流动的不均匀性是非常强烈的，特别是叶轮与蜗舌间的相互干扰最为强烈，一直影响到叶轮进口和蜗壳扩散管出口的流场；在蜗壳内整个流动是以旋涡形式向出口推进的，并随着包角的变化旋涡表现出十分复杂的产生、发展和耗散的演化过程，导致蜗壳内较大的流动损失。

Moreover, with the assistance of grey series forecasting model and the rule of the annual precipitation, the annual average precipitation, groundwater flow field, groundwater level and spring flow in the future under current exploitation circumstances were forecasted. If 2010 is a high flow year (guarantee ratio 20%), or median flow year (guarantee ratio 50%), or even low flow year (guarantee ratio 75%), the underground water level of Heilongdong spring in flood season will exceed 130 m, or reach 130 m, or even below 130 m, and the spring flow in flood season will exceed 10 m^3/s, 7 m^3/s, 5 m^3/s respectively.

以灰色序列预测模型为辅助手段，结合历年的降水规律，对未来现状开采条件下的年均降水量、地下水流场、水位及泉流量进行了不同保证率条件下的预测，若2010年为丰水年（保证率20%）、平水年（保证率50%）、枯水年（保证率75%，黑龙洞泉汛期地下水位标高分别为超过130m、达到130m、低于130m，汛期泉流量分别为超过10立方公尺/s、7立方公尺/s、5立方公尺/s。

However, in electric field computation, the BEM has not much unfould and most of them are limited in the conventional BEM. In the flow field computation, although some achievements have been gained in solving the constant and uncompressible fluid flow by using BEM, but to the inconstant, compressible, nonlinear, transonic flow, such as the flow in the arc quenching chamber in SF6 high voltage circuit breaker, no any report has been published up to now for the reason that the basic solution of this kind of flow has not been found.

目前，在电场计算领域所开展的工作相对较少，而且仅限于传统边界元方法的应用；在计算流体力学领域，近年来虽然一些学者应用边界元法，在解决定常、不可压缩等问题进行了相当深入的研究，获得了若干研究成果，但是对于像SF_6高压断路器灭弧室中存在的非定常、可压缩、非线性、跨音速、具有复杂而且变边界的气流场由于至今尚未找到基本解，而未见研究工作的报道。

Using particle image velocimetercombined with CFD dynamic mesh,an experimental and simulation study was carried out on flow field in the near-wall region outside a vibrating tube.The charts of velocity vector of flow field outside the tube under five conditions with amplitude 1.3 mm and frequency 5—25 Hz were obtained,and the cosine of average synergy angle of flow field outside the tube was calculated.

采用粒子图像测速与CFD动网格相结合的方法，对振动圆管外近壁区流场进行了实验及模拟研究，得到了振幅1.3 mm、频率5～25 Hz范围内的管外流场速度矢量图，计算了不同工况下管外流场的平均场协同角余弦值。

The calculation results shows that ,(1) when the rotor rotates at the working speed, a local regurgitant whirlpool that is rightabout to the rotor"s rotating direction appears in the classifying region, which makes the separated granules come back to the outside of the classification district and influences the classification efficiency of the turbine classifier;(2) in the condition of a low rotating speed of turbo rotor, ultrafine particles can follow the gas phase by and large, but when the rotating speed increases, a phenomenon of velocity slippage between two phases appears evidently;(3) A operating parameter, air flow rate is so important that can directly influence the stability of flow field in classifying chamber, the bigger the air flowrate is , the steadier the flow field is;(4) Compared with straight blades, the new shape of blades with backward crooked elbow are helpful to improve the stability of flow field and form whole stream easily, also beneficial to advance the classification accuracy and classification efficiency;(5) The motion trace of particles are very complicated when the turbo rotor rotates at a high speed, the constant bounce of the particles appear between the blades and the coarse particles are even bounce back from the inlet, only the finer can pass through the classification area from the oulet;(6) Along with the increase of the rotor"s rotating speed, radiah axial and tangential velocity all begain to fluctuate repetitively like sine-wave, the smaller the particles are, the more violently they fluctuates.

数值模拟结果表明，(1)在涡轮达到工作转速时，在分级区域形成了一个与涡轮旋转方向相反的局部回流涡，它使得分离出来的细粒重又被带回分级轮外边缘，从而严重影响分级机的分级效率；(2)粉尘粒子在涡轮低速运动情况下，基本上能跟随气体运动，但随着转速加大，两相之间出现了明显的速度滑移现象；(3)分级机工作时的风量也是一个比较重要的操作参数，它可以直接影响到分级机内腔流场的稳定性，风量越大，流场越稳定；(4)同直叶片形状相比较，带后弯导板的叶片，有利于改善流场的稳定性，流场容易形成整体流，对提高分级效率和分级精度都非常有利；(5)粒子轨迹线在涡轮转速较高时十分复杂，有的出现了反复的弹跳现象，大颗粒不能通过分级区域而从进口返流了，只有细小的颗粒才从出口处流出；(6)涡轮转速加大时，粒子的径向、轴向和切向速率出现了明显的类似于正弦波的脉动现象，颗粒越小，脉动程度越为剧烈。

The dissecting of samples in group2 were difficult. The root of pulmonary artery and ascending aorta failed to be unfolded because fibrous tissue was tough, right and left fibrous trigone were too firm to be solved by hand. Cardiac muscle fibers couldn't be stripped along myofibrillar trajectory since they were prone to break because of their friability.

组2的心脏解剖困难，表现为纤维组织坚韧，游离肺动脉非常困难；徒手无法松解左、右纤维三角，肺动脉和主动脉根部的游离非常困难；心肌纤维坚硬、质脆，解剖时容易断离成碎块，无法沿纤维走行方向剥离。

We have battled against the odds in a province that has become increasingly violent.

我们对在一个争夺日益激烈省的可能性。