查询词典 various

Hindu schools started to expand the meaning of the term 砈amadhi?by adding to it various prefixes. Various schools used these composite words and because of this the term 砈amadhi?got 砫 iffused?and lost its unambiguity.

与其使用涅磐这个术语，印度学派更着手于通过在&三摩地&这个词前面加上前缀来把&三摩地&这个术语的意义扩展，意义变得更加清晰，失去了它的含糊性。

Industrial Design Integrity, not just for their own systems integration, but also for performance and the surrounding coordination between the various factors, and enterprises in the relationship between the various factors it is impossible, undocked from "balanced" and "harmony" Principle.

工业设计的整合性，不仅仅表现为其自身系统的整合性，同时也表现为与周围各因素之间的协调性，而企业中各因素的关系也不可能，脱开&均衡&与&和谐&的原则。

It unifiedly manages every user s identity authentication of various applications, and authentication information can be safely and efficiently transfered to the various systems.

它统一管理各个应用系统用户的身份验证，并能够将验证信息安全、高效地传递给各个系统。

It unifiedly manages every user s identity authentication of various applications, and authentication information can be safely and efficiently transfered to the various systems.

详细说明：它统一管理各个应用系统用户的身份验证，并能够将验证信息安全、高效地传递给各个系统。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Mankind steped three stages during the process of the conservation of geoheritages :(1) various countries set up their own national parks individually and unsystematically in order to protect their geoheritages;(2) various projects were iniated or promoted by international organizations to protect the geoheritages world wide;(3) the division of the Earth"s Science, Unesco sponsors "Geopark Program" and establishes "World Geopark Network, resulting in the entering a healthy development stage of geoheritage comservation.

中国地质科学院，北京100037 [2]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所，北京100037摘要：人类对地质遗产的保护经历了三个阶段：①各国分散建立国家公园零星而无系统的保护地质遗迹；②国际组织发起和推动，形成全球保护地球遗迹的多项活动；③联合国教科文组织地学部提出地质公园计划和建立世界地质公园网络，使地球遗迹保护工作进入一个健康发展的新阶段。

Sewage sludge contains various kinds of pathogenic bacteria and heavy metals, which may cause serious environmental pollution if without correct dispose. On the other hand, sludge also contains various kinds of nutritious elements which are necessary for plant growth. It would be resources wastement if it is not reasonably utilized.

污泥中含有大量的病原体、重金属等有害物质，如不加以有效的处置，必将产生严重的二次污染；但是污泥中还含有大量的有机物和植物生长所需的营养物质，如不加以合理的利用，又是资源的巨大浪费。

The DTM for automatic-design of thruway was put forward by Prof. Miller in 1956. Since then , the DEM is used for design of various circuit diagram, and for account of area, cubage, gradient of various project, and for estimating visibility from point to point; for rendering contour, grade-graph, aspect-graph, solid model; for making orthographic image and repair map in the Topography; for assistant data to classify in the Remote Sensing; as basic data in the GIS, for analysis and layout actuality of using soil, for disaster prediction; for navigation, guiding missile in the military affairs.

美国麻省理工学院Miller教授为了高速公路的自动设计于1956年提出了数字地面模型的概念后，DEM被用于各种线路的设计及各种工程的面积、体积、坡度的计算，任意两点间可视性判断及绘制任意断面图；在测绘中被用于绘制等高线、坡度坡向图、立体透视图，制作正射影像图与地图的修测；在遥感中可作为分类的辅助数据；它是地理信息系统的基础数据，可用于土地利用现状的分析、合理规划及洪水险情预报等；在军事上可用于导航及导弹制导；在工业上可利用数字表面模型DSM或数字物体模型绘制出表面结构复杂的物体的形状[2]。

Various self-defense, joint-defense, livestock protection and other forms of joint-defense teams sprang up in various places to build roads, provide transport, dispatch mail, serve as guides, boil tea, send water, stand sentry and give first-aid to wounded PLA soldiers, effectively isolating the rebels.

他们主动配合人民解放军平息叛乱，各地群众纷纷组织自卫队、联防队、保畜队等自卫性组织，为平叛大军修路、运输、送信、引路、烧茶送水、站岗放哨、救治伤员，使叛乱分子陷于孤立。

Various machines of this line are available to satisfy the various adorns.

JI500型系列血有极为丰富的各种专用机种，以适应各种各样的装饰缝。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。