查询词典 variance

The main results are as follows:We review the existing Monte Carlo control variates estimators of the price of Asian options and propose a new one. According to pratical needs, we define efficiency as the inverse of the product of the variance of an estimator and its computational time and make it a standard for comparisons to draw the following conclusions: Firstly, the more control variates correlate with arithmetic average Asian options, the larger is the efficiency of an estimator with these control variates, but among which the geometric average option plays the most important role; Secondly, an estimator with more control variates is better than one with less ones only when the time to maturity is long and the volatility is high.

在综合已有研究工作的基础上，本论文的主要创新成果如下：（1）我们回顾了已有的亚洲期权价格的蒙特卡罗控制变量估计，并提出了一个新的控制变量估计，且从客观实际出发，将估计值的方差和计算时间的乘积的倒数定义为效率并以它为标准比较各估计，得到以下结论：与算术平均亚洲期权相关程度越大的控制变量构成的估计的效率越大，而其中起主要作用的控制变量为几何平均亚洲期权的价格；只有在到期时间较长且标的资产的波动率较大时，元素多的多元控制变量估计比元素少的效率大。

By the best approximation and the geometric interpretation of signal vectors in adaptive filters, the input noise variance is obtained with the information obtained from the traditional LMS algorithm. Then, based on γ-LMS algorithm, it can iteratively eliminate the input noise effects to obtain the bias in the Wiener solution and the true system coefficients.

根据自适应滤波器的最佳逼近原理和各信号矢量的几何关系，利用传统LMS算法获得的信息来估计输入噪声的功率，再通过γ-LMS算法在迭代过程中逐步修正维纳解，去除输入噪声的影响从而得到系统参数的真实估计。

The variance analysis showed that different gibberellin concn, and varied low-temperature treatment time all reached to significant difference on cherry germination.

方差分析表明，不同的以，浓度与不同的低温处理时间叶樱桃的发芽率均达显著性差异。

Variance frequency of gliadin bands on Ke 498 and Long 0657 in SP_3 are 45.8%and 50.0%,respectively.

5克498和龙0657 SP3代醇溶蛋白电泳谱带变异频率分别为45.8%和50.0%。

Finger joint range of motion was measured by using a manual goniometer. In order to reduce error from inter-subject variance, all measured values were normalized by each subject's upper arm.

如果能了解疤痕对於关节角度的影响及其关系，才能够预防或矫正关节活动限制的问题，进而避免变形出现，或产生手功能的限制。

As measure of the model's goodness of fit, no more than 6% of the variance is -explained in relation to smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity.

随着Nagelkerke作为衡量模型的拟合优度，不超过6％的变异？？是，解释有关吸烟，缺乏身体活动和肥胖。

The sequence of gutta-percha content in different organs from higher to lower among different production areas, variance types and clones was samara＞bark＞leaf.

不同无性系树皮和叶片含胶量的差异均达到了极显著水平。

This paper first studies the varying coefficient model by Hastie and Tibshirani(1993), and establishes unknown function coefficients and variance error estimator, and discusses asymptotic properties of estimators.

本文首先研究了Hastie和Tibshirani(1993)提出的变系数模型，运用小波方法建立了未知系数函数以及模型误差方差的估计量，并讨论了这些估计量的渐近性质。

Liberalism, as a school of thought and a social ideational campaign, is a Europeanizing phenomenon from middle ages to modern times. But Russian liberalism existed and played its role as a variance of European liberalism——"have-not" liberalism. At the beginning of 18th century, the reform of Peter the Great provided the soil for the western culture permeating through Russia.

自由主义作为一种思想流派和社会思想政治运动，是从中世纪向近代社会过渡时期的全欧现象，而俄国的自由主义则是以欧洲自由主义的变异形态即"不充分的自由主义"存在并发挥作用的。18世纪初彼得大帝的改革为西方文化渗入俄国土壤提供了温床。

Then the great loss risk of hedger is avoided. based on expected-variance optimal model,the optimal model is set up by using the skewness parameter.

通过偏度约束控制了当收益分布向右偏斜时的重大损失发生的概率，解决了套保者遭受重大损失的问题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。