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In a'variable structure system', the control law is a discontinuous function of the state variables when the trajectory crosses a prescribed hypersurface in the state space.

在一个变结构系统中，控制律是当状态轨迹经过规定的超平面时状态变量的不连续函数。

Statistical methods, measures of central tendency, measurement of dispersions, probability, probability distribution of discrete and continuous random variables, parameter estimation and hypothesis testing.

研究统计方法、集中趋势的测量、可能性数据分布的测量、离散型随机变量和连续型随机变量的概率分布、参数估计以及假设检验的测量。

In the solution procedure, the SLP technique based on Mixed-Integer Linear Programming method for discrete Optimal Power Flow is also included, where capacitor units, reactor units and transformer taps can be treated as integer variables.

在传统算法的整数变量截断后取得的初值不可行的情况下，执行该算法可以获得离散可行的近似最优解，实际系统的计算结果证明了所提出算法是有效的。

To printing and dyeing enterprises, the production scheduling problem is combinatorial optimization problem with discrete variables.

对于花布印染企业来说，生产调度问题是离散变量的组合优化问题，属于典型的车间调度。

On the other hand, if the damage position and the damage size are used for description of the structural damage, the mathematical model is actually stated as a discrete structural optimization problem with unknown number of design variables, since the number of damages can not be given in advance.

本文采用极大极小问题构造损伤识别的优化模型，通过凝聚函数将极大极小问题转化为一个目标函数连续可微的无约束优化问题，采用基于灵敏度分析的序列线性规划方法求解。

It is a general framework algorithm, which has fast convergence performance and is easy to implement. PSO can be conveniently applied to solve complicated nonlinear, noncontinuous, multi-dimensioned optimization problem with discrete variables and multiple restrictions.

它收敛速度快、计算简单、通用性强，能方便地被用于求解带离散变量的非线性、不连续、多约束、多变量的复杂优化问题中。

Based on the ICMmethod,the discrete topological optimization problem about spot-weld's existence or not is transformed into the continuous optimization problem on[0,1].The optimization model is founded with maximizing the structural stiffness as objective and structural strength as constraints.The problem of multi-objectives and multi-constraints is transformed into the problem of single-objective and single-constraint with the K-S function.The displacement and stress are transformed into the explicit function of design variables with the Response Surface Methodology.The optimization model is solved with Sequential Quadratic Program.

基于ICM（Independent Continuous Mapping，即独立、连续、映射）方法，将焊点有无的离散拓扑优化问题转化为[0，1]区间上的连续优化问题；建立了以结构刚度最大为目标、结构强度为约束的连续拓扑优化模型；采用K-S函数将多目标和多约束问题转化为单目标和单约束问题；运用响应面方法将位移和应力转化为设计变量的显式函数，采用序列二次规划方法求解优化模型。

Genetic algorithms in optimization problems with discrete and integer design variables［J］.

离散结构的遗传形状优化设计［J］。

The previous applications of Hopfield model were restricted to problems with 0-1 discrete design variables and liner programming problems.

本文进一步探讨了Hopfield网络求解约束非线性优化问题的方法，并将其应用于4杆桁架的结构优化设计。

Due to the discreteness of transformer taps and the switching of shunt capacitance/reactance banks, the rigorous reactive power optimization is the problem of Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming involving both discrete and continuous variables.

在电力系统无功优化过程中，由于有载调压变压器分接头的存在和补偿电容／电抗器分组投切的离散特性，使得严格意义上的无功优化问题成为一个离散变量和连续变量共存的混合整数非线性规划(Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming，MINLP)问题。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。